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Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi. Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321. What is a vowel?. produced with a relatively free flow of air Vowels are all voiced. Describing Vowels. How do we describe/ classify consonants ? Voicing POA MOA

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Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of language Lecturer: Haifa Alroqi

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  1. Lecture 5: Chapter 4: The sounds of languageLecturer: Haifa Alroqi Introduction to Linguistics - LANE 321

  2. What is a vowel? • produced with a relatively free flow of air • Vowels are all voiced

  3. Describing Vowels • How do we describe/ classify consonants? • Voicing • POA • MOA • How do we describe/ classify vowels? • How high is the highest part of the tongue in the mouth? • How front or back is the highest part of the tongue in the mouth? • Are the lips rounded or unrounded?

  4. Describing Vowels • How high is the highest part of the tongue in the mouth? • High • Mid • Low • How front or back is the highest part of the tongue in the mouth? • Front • Central • Back

  5. Vowel Height High Mid Low [i] eat/ key/ see [ɛ] dead, pet, said [æ] ban, laugh, sat

  6. Vowel Height • Upper High [i], [u] • [i] (front) e.g. eat/ key/ see • [u] (back) e. g. move/ two/ too

  7. Vowel Height • Lower High [ɪ], [ʊ] • [ɪ] e.g. hit, myth, women • [ʊ] e.g. could, foot, put

  8. Vowel Height • Upper Mid [e], [ə], [o] • [e] e.g. great, tail, weight • [ə] e.g. above, sofa, support • [o] e.g. no, road, toe

  9. Vowel Height • Lower Mid [ɛ], [ʌ], [ɔ] • [ɛ] e.g. dead, pet, said • [ʌ] e.g. blood, putt, tough • [ɔ] e.g. ball, caught, raw

  10. Vowel Height • Upper Low • [æ] e.g. ban, laugh, sat • [ɒ] e.g. Tom, hot, got (UK)

  11. Vowel Height • Lower Low • [a] e.g. bomb, swan (American) • [ɑ] e.g. spa, طويل, father

  12. Who /hu/ He /hi/ Front and back vowels

  13. Lip roundedness • Rounded [u], [ʊ], [o], [ɔ], [ɒ] [u] e.g. noon • Unrounded [i], [ɪ], [e], [ɛ], [æ], [ə], [a], [ʌ] [i] e.g. heat

  14. Diphthongs • A combination of two sounds • begins with a vowel & ends with the glides [w] or [j] • vowel + glide • [aw] cow, down, loud, doubt • [ɔy] or [ɔj] boy, toy, noise, void • [ay] or [aj] ride, high, bye, eye, my

  15. Activity: identifying diphthongs Call top Fright joy Top Haste Avoid Proud Hide • Fright [ay] • Joy [ɔy] • Avoid [ɔy] • Proud [aw] • hide [ay]

  16. Vowels’ full description • Can be classified according to three parameters: height, backness, and lip rounding Examples: • [i] high front unrounded vowel • [u] high back rounded vowel

  17. Phonetic Transcription • The best-known system: • The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) • IPA has been developing since 1888. • The system represents each sound of human speech with a single symbol. • The symbol is enclosed in brackets [ ] or / /.

  18. Phonetic Transcription • We can use IPA transcription across languages, there is one symbol for EVERY possible human sound • There is a 1-1 correspondence of sound to symbol • Cat [kæt] • Cell [sɛl]

  19. Transcription Practice Transcribe the following words • Kick • Boot • She • The • Thin • [kIk] • [but] • [ʃi] • [ðə] • [θɪn]

  20. Important terms • Articulatory phonetics • articulators • Consonants and vowels • Places of articulation • Manner of articulation • Voicing • Parameters for describing vowels • Phonetic transcription

  21.  Thank you   Next class: Plz read chapter 5: The sound patterns of language

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