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The Quakers

The Quakers. Quakers in 17th Century England. Origins - A nonconformist movement What did they believe? Simplicity Inner revelation Pacifism Practices. The Peace Testimony. Also known as the Testimony Against War What was it? Where was it derived from? Significance?.

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The Quakers

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  1. The Quakers

  2. Quakers in 17th Century England • Origins - A nonconformist movement • What did they believe? • Simplicity • Inner revelation • Pacifism • Practices

  3. The Peace Testimony • Also known as the Testimony Against War • What was it? • Where was it derived from? • Significance?

  4. Quakersin Pennsylvania Penn’s ideal • A pacifist state • A model for the world • A precedent: “All things have their beginnings.” • Colonial response • Persecution, imprisonment, & execution

  5. The ‘holy experiment’ Quakers in government • Control of the Assembly • Independence • Successful economy • Western frontiersmen • Tensions

  6. Quakers & Indians Relations with the native Americans • Friendly relations • European & Indians conflicts • Preaching • Increasing atrocities

  7. The failure of the ‘peaceable kingdom’ Why did it fail? • Voted out of govt • Divisions within the ‘peaceable kingdom’ • Penn’s absence • Failure to convert Indians and most European colonists • Self-enclosed community • Demands of empire • A small nonviolent island in a sea of brutal colonial rule • Persecution

  8. BACKGROUND: Born 1720 Literary works - Journal now considered a classic of English literature Employment Minister - 1743 JOHN WOOLMAN

  9. BELIEFS‘The gentle conscience of Quakerism’ • Evils of slavery: • Exploitation of labour and oppression of poor • He believed in the equality of humanity • Inconsistent with the Christian religion • Good in all others • Return to a simple lifestyle - wealth and greed as unnecessary evils

  10. NONVIOLENT ACTION‘conduct is more convincing than language’ 1.) Tax Refusal: • 1755 - refusal to pay military tax • 1761 - journey to native colony during time of war 2.) Anti-slavery measures: • Journeys throughout colonies - quiet testimony • Insisted on payment of slaves • Did not push guilt onto slave owners • Argued from Quaker tradition and scripture • The TRUTH was all important 3.) Other Actions: • 1772 - walking tour protest in England • Adopted a plain lifestyle • A model of selfless devotion

  11. IMPORTANCE TO THE HISTORY OF NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE • 1776 - Quakers adopted a policy of abolition of slavery • Introduced the idea of DIALOGUE • ‘Passive Obedience’ • Symbolic actions ‘The most significant figure in the early history of non-violence in the North American colonies’ (LYND)

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