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Subduction (Indonesia)

Global seismic network in operation for ~40 years provides a huge database of information on earthquakes:- Location, Depth Magnitude, Frequency Total Energy released Type of Faulting and orientation of fault planes State of stress in brittle material. Subduction (Indonesia). Terminology.

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Subduction (Indonesia)

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  1. Global seismic network in operation for ~40 years provides a huge database of information on earthquakes:- • Location, Depth • Magnitude, Frequency • Total Energy released • Type of Faulting and orientation of fault planes • State of stress in brittle material

  2. Subduction (Indonesia)

  3. Terminology

  4. A typical seismogram and determination of range

  5. Earthquake Locations • Accuracy ~ 10 km, slightly larger error in depth. • Geographic distribution: Pattern of plate boundaries

  6. Energy and Polarity of “First Motions”

  7. Earthquake on a vertical plane

  8. Determination of nodal planes

  9. Spreading of the seismic wave

  10. Data on the surface, interpreted as a section

  11. Azimuth (f) and take-off angle

  12. In General have we seismic data from faults with any orientations – plot a stereogram

  13. Fault types and “Beach Ball” plots

  14. Example Focal mechanism diagrams on the Azores-Gibraltar fracture zone

  15. Seismic Focal Mechanisms:Summary &Applications • Detection at a distance via the world network Energy and Polarity of “First Motions” • Plot polarity against azimuth and “take-off angle” • Determine orientation of Fault-plane • [explosions v. earthquakes]

  16. Brief Facts About: Earthquakes in Pakistan By Dr. Qamar-uz-Zaman Chaudhary Director General Pakistan Meteorological Department pmd@pakmet.com.pk

  17. Pakistan Meteorological Department

  18. Seismogram

  19. PAST SEISMIC HISTORY OF PAKISTAN

  20. 7.7 Earthquake in Quetta: 1935 35,000 Railway Station

  21. 7.7 Earthquake in Quetta: 1935 35,000 Lytton Road

  22. Earthquake in Pakistan: 1892 6.8 Chaman: Balochistan

  23. Earthquake in Kangra: 1905 7.8 19,727 Himachal Pradesh Town Hall Lahore After Before

  24. M7.5 KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE ON OCTOBER 8, 2005

  25. PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT M 7.5 EARTHQUAKE OF 8TH OCTOBER 2005 IN NORTHERN PAKISTAN EPICENTRE: 34.4°N, 73.5°E DEPTH: 10 KM

  26. ShakeMap OF OCTOBER 8, 2005 EARTHQUAKE

  27. KNOW THE RISK FOR FUTURE MITIGATION

  28. Up-gradation of National Seismic Network for Pakistan (Approved June, 2005) National Seismic Control Room Peshawar Chitral Mansehra Muzaffarabad National Geophysical Centre Quetta Zhob Khuzdar Turbat National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (TWC), Karachi

  29. Establishment of Tsunami Warning Center in Pakistan Backup Tsunami Warning Centers Information to Regional / Global Mitigation Centers Linkage with other Regional /Global TWS National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (TWC), Karachi

  30. Thank You All

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