US History

1. US History • Do Now: Write an explanation for this political cartoon.

2. The Democratic Donkey and the Republican Elephant • Ever wondered what the story was behind these two famous party animals? • The now-famous Democratic donkey was first associated with Democrat Andrew Jackson's 1828 presidential campaign. His opponents called him a jackass (a donkey), and Jackson decided to use the image of the strong-willed animal on his campaign posters. Later, cartoonist Thomas Nast used the Democratic donkey in newspaper cartoons and made the symbol famous. • Nast invented another famous symbol—the Republican elephant. In a cartoon that appeared in Harper's Weekly in 1874, Nast drew a donkey clothed in lion's skin, scaring away all the animals at the zoo. One of those animals, the elephant, was labeled “The Republican Vote.” That's all it took for the elephant to become associated with the Republican Party. • Democrats today say the donkey is smart and brave, while Republicans say the elephant is strong and dignified.

3. The New Government

4. George Washington After his inauguration* George Washington and Congress: • Decided on the title for our leader, “_________” • Set up the _________ branch

5. George Washington After his inauguration* George Washington and Congress: • Decided on the title for our leader, “Mr. President” • Set up the executive branch

6. George Washington *__________ – a formal ceremony marking the beginning of a President’s term in office.

7. George Washington *inauguration – a formal ceremony marking the beginning of a President’s term in office.

8. The Executive Branch The original Executive Branch consisted of 5 departments: • _____________ • _____________ • _____________ • _____________ • _____________

9. The Executive Branch The original Executive Branch consisted of 5 departments: • Department of State • Department of War • Treasury Department • Attorney General • Postmaster General

10. The Executive Branch The heads of these departments became known as the President’s ________. .

11. The Executive Branch The heads of these departments became known as the President’s cabinet.

12. No Money To raise money, Congress decided to raise money with ________. • ________– a tax on the production or sale of a product. • Excise taxes were placed on _______, _______, and other _______ items.

13. No Money To raise money, Congress decided to raise money with excise taxes. • excise taxes – a tax on the production or sale of a product. • Excise taxes were placed on whiskey, carriages, and other luxury items.

14. The Whiskey Rebellion • Instead of hauling bulky grain, farmers turned their wheat into ________. • Farmers complained that the new excise tax made their whiskey too ________. • Congress lowered the tax, but the ________ ____, farmers in western PA, tarred and feathered tax collectors.

15. The Whiskey Rebellion • Instead of hauling bulky grain, farmers turned their wheat into whiskey. • Farmers complained that the new excise tax made their whiskey too expensive. • Congress lowered the tax, but the Whiskey Boys, farmers in western PA, tarred and feathered tax collectors.

16. The Whiskey Rebellion • The President led 13,000 troops to PA, but the rebels disappeared without a fight. • ________ disagreed with this action. • ________ loved the show of force.

17. The Whiskey Rebellion • The President led 13,000 troops to PA, but the rebels disappeared without a fight. • Jefferson disagreed with this action. • Hamilton loved the show of force.

18. Thr French Revolution

19. Thr French Revolution • In 1789, rising national debt, soaring food prices, and starvation led the ______ classes in France to rebel against the ____ and _____ class. • The people violently took over the French government forming a _______. • 20,000 people, including the _____ and ______, were killed. Most were beheaded by the __________.

20. Thr French Revolution • In 1789, rising national debt, soaring food prices, and starvation led the lower classes in France to rebel against the King and Noble class. • The people violently took over the French government forming a republic. • 20,000 people, including the King and Queen, were killed. Most were beheaded by the guillotine.

21. The Federalist • _________________was born in the West Indies. • He was _________________ personal assistant during the Revolutionary War. • His ____ came from one of New York’s richest and most powerful families. • He believed people were ______ and out for __________.

22. The Federalist • Alexander Hamilton was born in the West Indies. • He was George Washington’s personal assistant during the Revolutionary War. • His wife came from one of New York’s richest and most powerful families. • He believed people were selfish and out for themselves.

23. The Federalist • Hamilton and the Federalist believed the country should be ruled by “___ _____ ________.” • Federalist favored a ______ national government. • Hamilton wanted to use the federal government to promote _________, __________, and _______.

24. The Federalist • Hamilton and the Federalist believed the country should be ruled by “the best people.” • Federalist favored a strong national government. • Hamilton wanted to use the federal government to promote business, manufacturing, and trade.

25. The Republicans • _____________ believed that informed citizens could make good decisions for the country. • Republicans favored _________ over any other form of government. • They believed the best government governed the _____. • Republicans wanted a ____ federal government with ______ state governments.

26. The Republicans • Thomas Jefferson believed that informed citizens could make good decisions for the country. • Republicans favored democracy over any other form of government. • They believed the best government governed the least. • Republicans wanted a weak federal government with strong state governments.

27. The Republicans • Republicans favored an economy based on __________. • They believed the _________ ____was anti-farmer because it favored business and manufacturing.

28. The Republicans • Republicans favored an economy based on agriculture. • They believed the National Bank was anti-farmer because it favored business and manufacturing.

29. The Election of 1796 ___________ ______________

30. The Election of 1796 John AdamsThomas Jefferson

31. The Election of 1796 Pres.: John AdamsThomas Jefferson • Party: ________ ___________ • Home state: ______ __________ • V.P.: Thomas PinckneyAaron Burr • Electoral vote 71 68 • States carried 9 7 • Popular vote 35,726 31,115 • Percentage 53.4% 46.6%

32. The Election of 1796 Pres.: John AdamsThomas Jefferson • Party: FederalistDem-Rep • Home state: MassVirginia • V.P.: Thomas PinckneyAaron Burr • Electoral vote 71 68 • States carried 9 7 • Popular vote 35,726 31,115 • Percentage 53.4% 46.6%

33. President John Adams • The _______ Acts • 1st Law – Lengthened the time it took to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years. • 2nd and 3rd Law – The President could jail or export any immigrant stirring up trouble. • 3rd Law -

34. President John Adams • The Alien Acts • 1st Law – Lengthened the time it took to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years. • 2nd and 3rd Law – The President could jail or export any immigrant stirring up trouble. • 3rd Law -

35. President John Adams The _________ Act • This act made ________ (encouraging rebellion against the government crime.

36. President John Adams The Sedition Act • This act made sedition (encouraging rebellion against the government crime. • 25 people were arrested because of this law.

37. President John Adams The _______ and ________Resolution • These 2 states tried to nullify the Alien and Sedition Act based on state’s rights, but no other states adopted the resolution

38. President John Adams The Virginia and Kentucky Resolution • These 2 states tried to nullify the Alien and Sedition Act based on state’s rights, but no other states adopted the resolution

39. President John Adams The New Capital – ______________

40. President John Adams The New Capital – Washington, DC

41. The 12th Amendment • When electoral college voted in Election of 1800, it was clear that Adams had lost the election, but to whom? • Under Constitution, each elector cast two votes, with idea that the candidate finishing first would be president, and second would be vice president • All of the Republican electors voted for Jefferson & Burr, the result was a tie between them.

42. The 12th Amendment • In case of a tie, Constitution sends election to House of Reps, there each state has one vote – when House voted there was another tie • Alexander Hamilton broke the deadlock & asked his supporters in the House to vote for Jefferson • Of the two Republicans, he said: “Jefferson is to be preferred. He is by far not so dangerous a man.” • What does this say about Hamilton’s feelings toward Burr? ______________________

43. The 12th Amendment • 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution to prevent such ties • Amendment calls for the Electoral College to cast separate ballots for president and vice president • If no presidential candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, the House chooses a president from top 3 candidates • If no candidate for vice president receives a majority, Senate chooses the vice president

44. A Peaceful Revolution • In other countries, power changed hands by means of a war or revolution; however, in the United States, power had passed from one group to another without a single shot being fired • Americans had learned that it was better to fight for power with parties and ballots than with armies and bullets