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BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY Plug-In T1 Hardware and Software

BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY Plug-In T1 Hardware and Software. LEARNING OUTCOMES. Define the two basic categories of technology: hardware and software Describe the six major categories of hardware Describe the seven categories of computers by size Define the two types of software.

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BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY Plug-In T1 Hardware and Software

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  1. BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY Plug-In T1 Hardware and Software

  2. LEARNING OUTCOMES • Define the two basic categories of technology: hardware and software • Describe the six major categories of hardware • Describe the seven categories of computers by size • Define the two types of software

  3. LEARNING OUTCOMES • Describe the role of the operating system and utility software • Compare the uses of vertical and horizontal market software • List the common input, output, storage, and telecommunication devices

  4. Introduction • Information technology (IT) is any computer-based tool that: • People use to work with information • Support the information and information-processing needs of an organization • The core chapters introduced many concepts regarding hardware and software • This plug-in presents many of the technologies associated with both hardware and software

  5. The Basics of Hardware and Software • Hardware – physical aspects of computers, telecommunications, and other information technology devices • Example: Keyboard, monitor • Software -a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices • Example: Microsoft Excel

  6. The Basics of Hardware and Software Six categories of hardware: • Input device • Output device • Storage device • Central processing unit (CPU) • Telecommunications device • Connecting device

  7. The Basics of Hardware and Software • Two main types of software: • Application software - software used to solve specific problems or perform specific tasks • System software - handles tasks specific to technology management and coordinates the interaction of all technology devices • Operating system software - supports the application software and manages how the hardware devices work together • Utility software - provides additional functionality to the operating system

  8. COMPUTER CATEGORIES • Personal digital assistant (PDA) - a small hand-held computer that performs simple tasks

  9. COMPUTER CATEGORIES • Notebook computer - a fully functional computer designed to be carried around and run on battery power • Tablet computer - a pen-based computer that provides the screen capabilities of a PDA with the functional capabilities of a notebook or a desktop computer

  10. COMPUTER CATEGORIES • Desktop computer - the most popular choice for personal computing needs • Minicomputer - designed to meet the computing needs of several people simultaneously in a small to medium-size business environment • Mainframe computer - designed to meet the computing needs of hundreds of people in a large business environment

  11. COMPUTER CATEGORIES • Supercomputers - the fastest, most powerful, and most expensive type of computer

  12. Software • Software contains the instructions that the hardware executes to perform an information processing task • Without the aid of software, the computer (e.g. hardware) is useless • Two categories of software: • Application • System

  13. APPLICATION SOFTWARE • Application software is used for specific information processing needs, including: • Payroll • Customer relationship management • Project management • Training • Word processing and many others

  14. APPLICATION SOFTWARE • Personal productivity software - used to perform personal tasks such as writing a memo, creating a graph, or creating a slide presentation • Examples: • Microsoft Word • Microsoft Excel • Internet Explorer • Quicken

  15. APPLICATION SOFTWARE • Vertical market software - application software that is unique to a particular industry • Patient-scheduling software • Nursing allocation software • Horizontal market software - general enough to be suitable for use in a variety of industries • Inventory management software • Payroll software

  16. SYSTEM SOFTWARE • System softwarecontrols how the various technology tools work together along with the application software • Two basic categories: • Operating System • Utility

  17. SYSTEM SOFTWARE • Operating system softwarecontrols application software and manages how THE hardware devices work together • Microsoft Windows 2000 Pro • Microsoft Windows 2000 ME • Microsoft Windows XP Home • Microsoft Windows XP Pro • Mac OS • Linux • Multitasking - allows more than one piece of software to be used at a time

  18. Utility software • Utility software adds additional functionality to the operating system • Types of utility software: • Crash-proof software • Uninstaller software • Disk optimization software • Spywaresoftware

  19. Hardware • Binary digit (bit) - the smallest unit of information that a computer can process • ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) - the coding system that most personal computers use to represent, process, and store information • Byte - a group of eight bits

  20. COMMON INPUT DEVICES • Input device is a tool used to capture information and commands • Examples include: • Keyboard • Point-of-sale (POS) • Microphone • Mouse • Pointing stick • Touch pad • Touch screen • Bar code reader • Optical mark recognition (OMR) • Scanner

  21. COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES • Output device is equipment used to see, hear, or otherwise accept the results of information processing • Monitors • Cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) • Flat-panel displays • Liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors • Gas plasma displays • Pixels - the dots that make up an image on the computer screen

  22. COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES • Printers • Inkjet printers - make images by forcing ink droplets through nozzles • Laser printers - form images using an electrostatic process, the same way a photocopier works • Multifunction printers - scan, copy, and fax, as well as print

  23. COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES • Central Processing Unit (CPU) - the actual hardware that interprets and executes the program (software) instructions and coordinates how all the other hardware devices work together

  24. COMMON OUTPUT DEVICES • Random Access Memory (RAM) - temporary storage that holds the current information, the application software currently being used, and the operating system software • Megahertz (MHz) - the number of millions of CPU cycles per second • Gigahertz (GHz) - the number of billions of CPU cycles per second

  25. Characteristics of CPUs and RAM • A CPU contains two primary parts: • Control unit • Arithmetic/logic unit • Control unit - interprets software instructions and literally tells the other hardware devices what to do, based on the software instructions • Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) - performs all arithmetic operations (for example, addition, and subtraction) and all logic operations (such as sorting and comparing numbers)

  26. COMMON STORAGE DEVICES Start

  27. COMMON STORAGE DEVICES • Two questions to ask about storage devices: • Is updating or modifying the information an option? • How much information needs to be stored? • Storage device capacities are measured in terms of bytes including gigabytes, and terabytes • Gigabyte (GB) is roughly 1 billion characters • Terabyte (TB) is roughly 1 trillion bytes

  28. COMMON STORAGE DEVICES • Storage capacity

  29. COMMON STORAGE DEVICES Start

  30. COMMON STORAGE DEVICES • Common storage devices include: • High-capacity floppy disk • Hard disk • CD-ROM (compact disc - read-only memory) • CD-R (compact disc-recordable) • CD-RW (compact disc-rewritable) • DVD-ROM • DVD-R • DVD-RW or DVD+RW • Flash memory device • Memory card

  31. TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES • Types of modems include: • Telephone modems (dial-up) • Cable modems • Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modems • Wireless modems • Satellite modems

  32. TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES • Modem speed comparisons

  33. TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICES • Communication software includes: • Connectivity software - enables a computer to “dial up” or connect to another computer • Web browser software - enables a computer to surf the Web • E-mail software - enables electronic communication with other people by sending and receiving e-mail

  34. CONNECTING DEVICES • Connecting devices enable the hardware to communicate with each other • A parallel connector is used to plug a printer into a system box • Parallel connector interfaces with a parallel port that is connected to an expansion card

  35. Busses, Expansion Slots, and Expansion Cards • Expansion bus - moves information from the CPU and RAM to all of the other hardware devices • Expansion slot - a long skinny socket on the motherboard into which an expansion card is inserted • Expansion card - a circuit board that is inserted into an expansion slot

  36. Ports and Connectors • Ports - simply the plug-ins found on the outside of the system box (usually in the back) into which a connector is plugged into • Popular connectors include: • USB (universal serial bus) • Serial connector • Parallel connector

  37. Wireless Connection • Infrared also called IR or IrDA (infrared data association) - uses red light to send and receive information • Bluetooth - standard for transmitting information in the form of short range radio waves over distances of up to 30 feet and is used for purposes such as wirelessly connecting a cell phone or a PDA to a computer • WiFi (wireless fidelity) - standard for transmitting information in the form of radio waves over distances up to about 300 feet

  38. Wireless Connection • Wireless comparison chart

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