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Orographic Precipitation in Potentially Unstable Alpine Storms: MAP IOPs 2b, 3, and 5

Orographic Precipitation in Potentially Unstable Alpine Storms: MAP IOPs 2b, 3, and 5 Socorro Medina and Robert A. Houze. Lago Maggiore region. IOP2b. Equivalent Potential Temperature. IOP2b. 12Z 20 Sep 99. Milan sounding. MAP IOP2b 33-hour Mean Radial velocity. NNW. S-Pol radar.

michiko-hanabishi
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Orographic Precipitation in Potentially Unstable Alpine Storms: MAP IOPs 2b, 3, and 5

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  1. Orographic Precipitation in Potentially Unstable Alpine Storms: MAP IOPs 2b, 3, and 5 Socorro Medina and Robert A. Houze

  2. Lago Maggiore region

  3. IOP2b

  4. Equivalent Potential Temperature IOP2b 12Z 20 Sep 99 Milan sounding

  5. MAP IOP2b 33-hour Mean Radial velocity NNW S-Pol radar

  6. MAP IOP2b 33-hour Mean Reflectivity NNW S-Pol radar

  7. weak echo snow (50% contour) graupel (2% contour) melting snow (30% contours) MAP IOP2b Frequency of occurrence of particle types accumulated over 33 Hours NNW S-Pol radar

  8. cloud droplets graupel growing by riming rain growing by coalescence snow Slightly unstable air rain MAP Conceptual Model for precipitation enhancement inPotentially Unstable Upstream Conditions 0ºC ALPS Medina and Houze 2003

  9. Other potentially unstable upstream flow cases: MAP IOPs 3 and 5

  10. IOP3

  11. IOP5

  12. Equivalent Potential Temperature IOP3 00Z 26 Sep 99 Milan sounding

  13. Equivalent Potential Temperature IOP3 IOP5 00Z 26 Sep 99 12Z 03 Oct 99 Milan sounding

  14. MAP IOP3 24-hour Mean Reflectivity NNW S-Pol radar

  15. MAP IOP5 4-hour Mean Reflectivity NNE S-Pol radar

  16. MAP IOP3 24-hour Mean Radial velocity NNW S-Pol radar

  17. MAP IOP5 4-hour Mean Radial velocity NNE S-Pol radar

  18. weak echo snow (10% contour) graupel (2% contour) melting snow ( 3% contours) MAP IOP3 Frequency of occurrence of particle types accumulated over 24 Hours NNW S-Pol radar

  19. weak echo snow (50% contour) graupel (5% contour) melting snow (10% contours) MAP IOP5 Frequency of occurrence of particle types accumulated over 4 Hours NNE S-Pol radar

  20. CONCLUSION • Despite differences in the upper-level flow direction, the lower slope precipitation processes were similar in 3 IOPs. • The observations were consistent with the conceptual model for potentially unstable upstream flow. • Convective cells formed intermittently on the first major peak of terrain as a radial velocity jet rose over it. • Both riming and coalescence were key microphysical processes in the cells.

  21. Mixed case:MAP IOP 14

  22. Equivalent Potential Temperature IOP14 00Z 4 Nov 99 Milan sounding

  23. MAP IOP14 Mean wind shear from Lonate profiler Mean and SD over 16 hours

  24. MAP IOP14 34-hour Mean Reflectivity NNW S-Pol radar

  25. MAP IOP14 34-hour Mean radial velocity NNW S-Pol radar

  26. weak echo snow (low dBZ, low ZDR) large aggregates and/or graupel (high dBZ, low ZDR) melting aggregates (high dBZ, high ZDR) MAP IOP14 Polarimetric Particle Identification over 34 Hours NNW S-Pol radar

  27. MAP IOP14 Reflectivity from vertically pointing S-band radarat Locarno Monti Height (km) Time UTC OPRA radar

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