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Judaism

Judaism. Origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The three major religions that originated in Southwest Asia are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All are based on monotheism, a belief in one god. Each religion has a sacred text, or book, which is at the core of its faith.

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Judaism

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  1. Judaism

  2. Origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • The three major religions that originated in Southwest Asia are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. • All are based on monotheism, a belief in one god. • Each religion has a sacred text, or book, which is at the core of its faith. • Each book is a collection of writings compiledover time. • None was written by the central figure of the faith. • All three faiths trace their ancestry back thousands of years to the prophet Abraham

  3. Origins of Judaism • Judaism is the oldest of the three religions. • It began as a set of beliefs and laws practiced by ancient Hebrew people in Southwest Asia. • Its book is the Hebrew Bible – aka TheTorah. • Jews believe that one day a human leader will come as a messenger of God and bring about a golden age. • They call this leader the messiah. In Greek versions of the Bible, messiah is written as christos, the anointed one.

  4. The Bible names Abrahamas the father of the Jews. • There is no other evidence of his life. • Scholars place Abraham living sometime between 2000 and 1500 BCE (BC) • The Bible states that Abraham was born in Ur, in present-day Iraq. • He later moved to Canaan, in present-day Israel. • Jews believe Canaan is the Promised Land, which God promised to Abraham and his descendants.

  5. It was said that Abraham’s grandson Jacobhad 12 sons. • The twelve tribes of Israel began with Jacob's sons. • Jacob was later called Israel, and his descendants are called Israelites. • Sabbath – The seventh day of the week, Saturday, observed by Jews as a day of worship and rest • Kosher – fit to be eaten, according to Jewish dietary laws • Passover– Jewish festival marking the flight or Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt • Rabbi– teacher of Jewish law; spiritual head of a congregation

  6. they were the first religion to be monotheistic and it is one of the worlds oldest religion • their holy book is the first five books of the Bible, which they call the Torah - this is what Moses delivered to the Israelites from God • The rest of the Jewish bible – the Christian Old Testament – are the writings of prophets • Prophet – a person thought to be inspired by God • More writings on Jewish law, history, and folkloreare collected in the Talmud

  7. According to the Bible, the First Temple for Jewish worship was built around 900-1000 BCE and destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE. • The Jews were then sent out of Canaan, but returned after 50 years in exile. • A Diaspora occurs when a group of people leave their homeland and move to many different locations separately. • All of the world’s Jewish communities today that do not live in present-day Israel are part of the Jewish Diaspora.

  8. Solomon’s Temple

  9. A new temple was finished 70 years later on the site of the First Temple, but was badly damaged by invading Romans about 54 BCE. • KingHerod, a Jew, ruled Judea for the Romans. • The second temple was rebuilt in 20 BCE. • When the Romans attacked Jerusalem again in 70 CE(AD), they destroyed Herod’s temple. • Today, the single remaining temple wall, theWesternWall, is a place of prayer for Jewish pilgrims. • Jews moved away from the land again, until the modern state of Israel was formed in the late 1940s.

  10. Second Jewish Temple

  11. Dome of the Rock Mosque (background) Western Wall of the Jewish Temple (Foreground)

  12. Jewish Western Temple Wall and Muslim Dome of the Rock

  13. A Jewish boy praying at the Western Wall of the Temple

  14. Prayers placed in the cracks of the Western Wall of the Temple

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