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Phylum Cnidaria & Ctenophora

Phylum Cnidaria & Ctenophora. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Phylum Ctenophora. Major Characteristics. Presence of specialized tissues Also called Coelenterates Comprised of sea anemones, jellyfish, corals Have radial symmetry

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Phylum Cnidaria & Ctenophora

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  1. Phylum Cnidaria & Ctenophora Kingdom: Animalia Phylum Cnidaria Class Hydrozoa Class Scyphozoa Class Anthozoa Phylum Ctenophora

  2. Major Characteristics • Presence of specialized tissues • Also called Coelenterates • Comprised of sea anemones, jellyfish, corals • Have radial symmetry • Two forms polyps and medusa

  3. Body Structure • All have radial symmetry, where similar parts of the body are arranged and repeated around a central axis

  4. Radial vs. Bilateral Symmetry Diagram A

  5. Radial Symmetry

  6. Two Main Body Forms - Polyp • A polyp is a sac like stage. • Sessile or non-motile

  7. Two Main Body Forms - Medusa • A medusa is bell-like, which is similar to an upside down swimming polyp • Free floating or swimming

  8. Polyp vs. Medusa • Some spend their life as both at some point or as one or the other the entire time Diagram B

  9. Polyp vs. Medusa Diagram D

  10. Three Basic Layers:

  11. Three Basic Layers • Ectoderm/Epidermis – outer layer that contains the stinging cells • Endoderm/Gastrodermis – lines the gut • Mesoglea – Jelly like substance in between the Ectoderm and Endoderm which contains scattered cells and collagen fibers

  12. Exoskeleton • Coral will create a calcium carbonate shell in which it will live

  13. Body Structure • The mouth is located on the top of the polyp or underside of the medusa • It is the only opening on the organism so is also shares the function of being an anus Diagram E

  14. Body Structure Diagram F

  15. Tentacles • Slender finger like structure used to capture and handle food • Location of nematocysts

  16. Nematocysts • The main characteristic of Cnidaria is the presence of nematocysts • Stinging structures found on the tentacles

  17. Nematocysts • Coiled – like stinger • Spring into the prey and releases toxin • Most not harmful to humans because they cannot penetrate skin • Some fatal

  18. Nervous System • Main characteristic is the presence of a nerve net • Nerves cross over each other, at every connection, communication occurs • In humans millions cross over millions and no communication occurs

  19. Nerve Net Diagram C

  20. Digestive System • All cnidarians are carnivorous • Paralyzed by the nematocysts • Enzymes in gastric cavity break down the food and nutrients are absorbed by cells in the endoderm • Wastes are sent out the mouth/anus

  21. Digestive System

  22. Reproductive • Cnidarians have the ability to reproduce sexually and asexually • One method that is commonly seen is budding

  23. Class Anthozoa • Largest group of Cnidarians • Stay in the polyp stage throughout life cycle • Solitary or colonial • Includes sea anemones

  24. Class Hydrozoa • Can consist of just a polyp stage, just a medusa stage, or both • Can join together to form complex colonies such as the Portuguese Man-O-War, which develop floats FLOAT

  25. Class Scyphozoans • Medusa is the dominant life stage • Swim with rhythmic contractions of the bell, though limited • Contain the most dangerous/fatal stings BELL

  26. Phylum Ctenophora • Comb Jellies • Not a member of the Cnidarian Phylum even though they share similarities

  27. Cnidaria vs. Ctenophora Ctenophora • Have cilia at the base of the medusa to move • Engulf food • Do not have nematocysts • Have an additional layer between endo and ecto layers • Anal pore

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