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PUNCTUATION

PUNCTUATION. THE MOST IMPORTANT MARKS OF PUNCTUATION ARE:. Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, and Parenthesis. QUOTATION MARKS. 1) TO ENCLOSE EVERY DIRECT QUOTATION AND EACH PART OF AN INTERRUPTED QUOTATION: e.g. “What will my starting salary be?” I asked the manager.

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PUNCTUATION

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  1. PUNCTUATION THE MOST IMPORTANT MARKS OF PUNCTUATION ARE:

  2. Quotation Marks, Apostrophes, and Parenthesis

  3. QUOTATION MARKS 1) TO ENCLOSE EVERY DIRECT QUOTATION AND EACH PART OF AN INTERRUPTED QUOTATION: e.g. “What will my starting salary be?” I asked the manager. “Well,” he replied, “I’m not sure.” 2) IN A DIALOGUE USE A SEPARATE PARAGRAPH FOR EACH CHANGE OF SPEAKER: e.g. “Dad,” cried Neil. “There, there, it’s going to be just fine,” his father said. 3) TO ENCLOSE WORDS WITH A WIDELY DIFFERENT LEVEL OF USAGE: e.g. The person who has “had it” so far is Saddam. 4) TO ENCLOSE CHAPTER HEADINGS AND THE TITLES OF ARTICLES: e.g. Grant Wood’s famed painting, “American Gothic,” was recently reproduced in American Heritage. 5) USE SINGLE QUOTATION MARKS TO ENCLOSE A QUOTATION WITHIN A QUOTATION: e.g. The coach said, ”When you say, ‘I’ll be there on time,’ I expect you to mean what you say.”

  4. QUOTATION MARKS (cont.) PLACE QUOTATION MARKS CORRECTLY WITH REFERENCE TO OTHER MARKS!!! • THE COMMA AND THE PERIOD ALWAYS COME INSIDE QUOTATION MARKS. • A QUESTION MARK, EXCLAMATION POINT, OR DASH COMES OUTSIDE QUOTATION MARKS UNLESS IT IS PART OF THE QUOTATION. • THE SEMICOLON AND COLON COME OUTSIDE QUOTATION MARKS.

  5. THE APOSTROPHE HAS THREE USES: • TO FORM THE POSSESSIVE CASE OF NOUNS AND PRONOUNS • TO INDICATE OMISSION OF A LETTER FROM WORDS OR A FIGURE FROM NUMERALS • TO INDICATE THE PLURALS OF LETTERS, NUMERALS, SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS. USE THE APOSTROPHE 1) ADD STO FORM THE POSSESSIVE CASE OF A NOUN NOT ENDING IN S: e.g. children’s; town’s 2) TO FORM THE POSSESSIVE CASE OF A PLURAL NOUN ENDING IN S: e.g. boys’; ladies’ 3) ALONE OR WITH S TO FORM THE POSSESSIVE OF NOUNS ENDING IS S: e.g. Robert Burns’ /Burns’s; (RULE: WORDS OF ONE SYLLABLE) 4) ADD S IN THE LAST ELEMENT OF COMPOUND NOUNS: e.g. my son-in-law’s boat; King Henry IV’s funeral; somebody else’s ticket 5) TO SHOW THAT LETTERS OF FIGURES HAVE BEEN OMITTED (taken out): e.g. aren’t; shouldn’t; The Civil War was fought 1861-’65.

  6. Punctuation: Parentheses ( ) • Parentheses always come in pairs. They often enclose a bit of information that may not be directly related to the main sentence. • Example: My Language Arts class (the busiest place on Earth) has a lot of homework. • Example: Taking good notes (which is a valuable tool) is completely up to each student.

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