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Comments on Speed-up of HAPL Approach to Fusion

Comments on Speed-up of HAPL Approach to Fusion. John Sheffield JIEE November 2005. High Volume Plasma Based Neutron Source. The IEA study, UCLA-ENG-95-111,

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Comments on Speed-up of HAPL Approach to Fusion

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  1. Comments on Speed-up of HAPL Approach to Fusion John Sheffield JIEE November 2005

  2. High Volume Plasma Based Neutron Source • The IEA study, UCLA-ENG-95-111, Abdou et al, gives a well reasoned set of arguments about what is needed for nuclear testing and development of reliable blankets to meet the availability of an MFE DEMO reactor. • Without a Volume Neutron Source in MFE, it is essentially impossible to do adequate testing - even with the original extended- performance ITER and IFMIF!

  3. IFE Needs for Nuclear Testing • Interestingly, the IFE requirements are less stringent than for an MFE DEMO. • Either there will be a flowing lithium blanket or, in the case of a dry wall, the wall will be operated at lower neutron flux to handle the blast. • Nevertheless, volume testing of nuclear components may well set the critical path to realization of an IFE DEMO. An VNS is essential

  4. Neutron Fluence Required for HAPL Power Plant • Assume HAPL DEMO fusion power is 1750 MW, 50% availability and 70% of it hits the walls as neutrons i.e., 1225 MWn. • Wall at 10.5m, av. neutron flux 0.88 MW/ m2. • The average neutron fluence 0.44 MW.yr/ m2. • If the Demo runs for 10 to 20 years, required chamber material lifetime negligible swelling requires testing to > 4.4 MW.yr/ m2. • Surface may need regular damage repair.

  5. VNS Neutron Flux and Fluence • Initial operation 25 MW, with 17.5 MWn. • 1 year commissioning, 2 years at 20% capacity factor, and 3 years at 40% capacity factor. • Ultimately operation at 150 MW. • Assuming 2 + years to rebuild after shutting down the first version - Remember it is now a highly activated facility! • 1 years commissioning, 1 year at 25% capacity factor and then 50% capacity factor.

  6. VNS Integrated Neutron Fluence

  7. Tritium Usage • In the initial phase at 25 MW and 40% capacity factor the demand would be 0.56 kg/yr. • At 150 MW and 50% capacity factor. Tritium usage = 4.2 kg/yr. • Substantial tritium breeding will be needed.

  8. What VNS • Heresy, but what ever can be done fastest is needed to speed-up nuclear testing. • However, each approach to IFE will need its own repetitively pulsed D-T facility to develop required capabilities for DEMO. • Ergo, need more than one Facility.

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