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Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory SONY Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.

SmartSkin : An Infrastructure for Freehand Manipulation on Interactive Surfaces. Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory SONY Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. Background. Various types of “realworld” surfaces become interactive media Ex: DigitalDesk [Wellner] Support collaborative work

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Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory SONY Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.

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  1. SmartSkin: An Infrastructure for Freehand Manipulation on Interactive Surfaces Jun Rekimoto Interaction Laboratory SONY Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.

  2. Background • Various types of “realworld” surfaces become interactive media • Ex:DigitalDesk[Wellner] • Support collaborative work • Fusion of virtual & real • Camera-based input technologies • Sensitive to lighting conditions, occlusion • Camera cannot be integrated in the surface • Possibility of other principle?

  3. Lev Theremin1896-1993

  4. Lev Theremin1896-1993

  5. SmartSkin: sensing principle transmitter transmitter receiver receiver 2πfCV

  6. SmartSkin: sensing principle Conductive & Grounded Object (Human Body) transmitter receiver transmitter receiver

  7. To host PC wave signal reference signal Analog-Digital converter receiver receiver receiver receiver receiver receiver reference signal analog switch low-pass filter signal from electrode amp to ADC amp

  8. Prototype I:Interactive Table • An wooden table covered by 8×9 electrodes. • 30fps

  9. Prototype I:Interactive Table • An wooden table covered by 8×9 electrodes. • 30fps

  10. Multiuser, Multihand interactions

  11. Distance measurement

  12. Input by hand(arm) shape

  13. Peak position estimation a potential field created by bicubic interpolation sensor values peak position

  14. Potential Driven Movement

  15. PrototypeII: GesturePad 24 (transmitters)× 32 (receivers) (1cm pitch)

  16. Multiple finger detection Various image processing algorithm can be applied. • Connected region labeling • Pattern matching • Object tracking • Etc.

  17. Interactions by Multi-fingers

  18. Interaction by physical objects As a platform of tangible interfaces. electrodes

  19. SmartSkin • Capacitive sensing (c.f., Thermin) • Mesh-shaped electrodes • Multiple object tracking • 2.5D (2D position, distance)+shape • Fingertip detection by interpolating • Can be embedded in various objects • Low-cost, scalable

  20. Discussions: analogy between biological “Skin” and artificial surfaces • form • Sensors on the surface • Input(outside→skin) • Touch, pressure, temperature • Output(skin→outside) • image (e.g., Chameleon) • Tactile • communication • Artificial surface -> Skin

  21. Future Directions • Interaction techniques featuring multi hands/fingers, shapes • Non planar surface • Integration with a flat-panel display • Data communication • Ex: table becomes a communication medium • Special Thanks to … • Takaaki Ishizawa、Asako Toda(Keio University) • Kentaro Fukuchi (Tokyo Institute of Technology)

  22. Smart Keyboard • Two hand input →Text Input • Single Hand →Command

  23. fabric shield layer receiver transmitter body Interactive Clothing

  24. DiamondTouch [MERL2001] • Identifies individual users • Requires external electrodes (chairs)

  25. Near-Field data transmission

  26. Hand tracking without camera

  27. 1-10μA 100-500KHz (5Vp-p) 動作原理(2) amp I-V amp A/D Converter LPF analog switch Transmitter (AVR)

  28. Wireless .11, BT etc. ID

  29. 電極 物体を介した操作

  30. Application Domains • Where to install? • Furniture, Floor, Wall • Wearables -- Clothing, Bag, Shoes • Tablet, Keyboard, Mouse, Gamepad • Mobile Devices • Robot • How to use • as a primary input device • to augment existing interaction

  31. Multi-Hand/Finger Input

  32. 複数の指による入力

  33. 距離の判定

  34. The Concept • Beyond The GUI dogma (Mouse+Display) • Inspired by analogies between biological skin & artificial surfaces • As An Input Device • Touch, Proximity, Digital Data (Electrostatic/magnetic coupling), energy • As An Output Device • Pixel Spatial Pattern, Pixel Temporal Pattern (beacon), Digital Data, energy, tactile, sound? • As A Communication Device • Information, Motion, Gesture, Emotion, Intimacy

  35. なぜSkin? • 生物の「皮膚」の機能 • 保護、形態保持 • 入力(触覚) • 出力(表示)

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