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Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics

Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics. (By Martin Harwit ApJ, 2003, Vol. 597, 1266) 周建锋 清华大学天体物理中心. Contents. Introduction Multipole Fields Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Astrophysical Applications Conclusion. Dove-PrismMach-Zehnder Interferometers

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Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics

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  1. Photo Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics (By Martin Harwit ApJ, 2003, Vol. 597, 1266) 周建锋 清华大学天体物理中心

  2. Contents • Introduction • Multipole Fields • Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM • Astrophysical Applications • Conclusion • Dove-PrismMach-Zehnder Interferometers • Astronomical Limitations • Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities • Luminous Point Sources • SETI • Transfer of OAM by Kerr Black Holes • Blackbody Radiation and the CMB

  3. 1. Spin Angular Momentum Photons are endowed with inherent spinangular momentum . This is demonstrated by the selection laws in atomic physics, where Photons all carrying the same spin are circularly polarized.

  4. 1. Spin Angular Momentum Plane waves are the superposition of circularly polarized photons. They actually don’t exist physically, just as that white light photons don’t exist either. Plane waves carry no angular momentum. E K (r) H

  5. 1. Detection of Spin Angular Momentum Beth Experiment in 1936 (Phys. Rev.) Left circularly polarized light l/2 birefringent plate Right circularly polarized light

  6. 1. Photon Orbital Angular Momentum Usually, a photon just has its spin angular momentum . It is also possible to possess a larger angular momentum of . Laser light with a Laguerre-Gaussian amplitude distribution is found to have a well-defined orbital angular momentum. (Allen, 1992, PRA) Beams of photons each with OAM as high as m=200 have been produced in lab. (Curtis et al., 2002, Opt. Commun.)

  7. 2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) Spherical electromagnetic waves in free space, where can be completely described by superpositions of electric and magnetic multipole fields. For electric multipole (TM model), For magnetic multipole (TE model),

  8. 2. Multipole Fields (Classical Electrodynamics) For electric multipole radiation, Each photon, with energy , here carries off angular momentum

  9. 2. Multipole Fields (Quantum Electrodynamics) In quantum electrodynamics, angular momentum J becomes an operator. Spin and orbital angular momentum may not always be clearly separable.

  10. 2. Comparison between Spin and Orbital AM

  11. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Dove-Prism Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

  12. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Rotation of phase profile

  13. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Sort photons with odd and even OAM Phases are controlled by rotation and path.

  14. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital angular momentum (POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

  15. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM Photon orbital ang(POAM) produced by a spiral phase plate

  16. 3. Astronomical Instrumentation to Measure POAM

  17. 4. Astrophysical Applications Masers as Probes of Inhomogeneities

  18. 4. Astrophysical Applications SETI—Search Extra Terrestrial Intelligence

  19. 4. Astrophysical Applications Detect Kerr Black Holes

  20. Photons are more complex than we have known!

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