WRITING LITERATURE REVIEWS

1. WRITING LITERATURE REVIEWS Using the Bucket Approach METHODOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM #4 • Potential answers to problem • National/State/Local • Your research as solution • Potential research plan • Possible data analyses • Ideas for tools/instruments Sandra Duncan, EdD July 2019

2. DAUNTING TASK Drowning in Papers

3. DAUNTING TASK Information Overload

4. DAUNTING TASK Writer’s Block

5. DAUNTING TASK Feeling of Being Overwhelmed

6. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review EVIDENCE OF PROBLEM CAUSES OF PROBLEM • Reasons why problem exists • National/State/Local • National • State • Local #1 #3 #4 #2 METHODOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM Evidence Solutions Causes Methodology • Potential answers to problem • National/State/Local • Your research as solution • Potential research plan • Possible data analyses • Ideas for tools/instruments Help is on the Way! Strategy for Organizing Your Stuff

7. Chapter 2: Literature Review The literature review should be built from the annotated bibliography assignment from EDD 9300 and should contain the following elements: (a) a discussion of the theoretical or conceptual framework within which the study will be grounded;(b) a synthesisof the findings in a “state-of-knowledge” summary in regard to the problem area, including additional evidence as to the nature and the importance of the problem; (c) a clear discussion of how further research should extend, differ from, or replicate past studies, including the identification of critical variables in the problem area and important questions to be tested; (d) an indication of shortcomings that should be avoided in the design of prior research, as well as strengths to be repeated in conducting another study; and (e) a critique of the literature as a basis for any controversial methodological decisions to be presented in the proposal. Research Questions The research questions are based on the problem or area of need and on the research reviewed. The research questions should adhere to the following guidelines: (a) formation of question or questions based on theory, previous research (i.e., the literature review), and experience; (b) stated in the form of a question; and (c) focused and clear (i.e., specific, feasible, and measurable).

8. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review (1) Find piece of paper; (2) Draw 4 rectangles; (3) Label each rectangle EVIDENCE OF PROBLEM CAUSES OF PROBLEM #1 #2 Literature Review METHODOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM #3 #4 Buckets – Milk Crates – File Drawer(s) – Cardboard Boxes – Plastic Boxes – Piles on Floor

9. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review EVIDENCE OF PROBLEM National State #1 Local EXAMPLE: The problem is the target urban elementary school located in the Southeastern section of the United States exhibited the highest rate of negative and aggressive student behaviors and homework incompletion rates within the school district in 2016-2017 academic year.

10. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review CAUSES OF PROBLEM Socio-Economic Pedagogy Family Engagement #2 Early Education Experiences Parent/Teacher Expectations EXAMPLE: Low income/ethnic minorities/urban schools in communities of poverty/callous-unemotional trait/social position and parent-teacher expectations/gender/emotional well being/early education experiences/singleparent households/racism/family engagement

11. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM Early Identification Behavior Intervention Home Visits #3 Targeted Prevention Interactionist Approach EXAMPLE: Access to early care and education/targeted prevention/interactionist approach/integrative model/life span crisis/positive behavior intervention through tiered support/early identification/home visits

12. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review METHODOLOGY Methods Participants Instrument #4 Instruments Data Analyses EXAMPLES: Methods (Quantitative, Qualititative, Mixed Methods); Participants (Convenience, Census, Random); Instruments (Survey, Assessment); Data Analyses (ANOVA, tTest, MANOVA)

13. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review EVIDENCE OF PROBLEM CAUSES OF PROBLEM • National • State • Local • Reasons why problem exists • National/State/Local #1 #2 Literature Review METHODOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM • Ideas for research plan • Thoughts on tools/instruments • Possiblities on data analyses • Strategies for participant pool • Potential answers to problem • National/State/Local • Your research as solution #3 #4

14. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review • Highlight what you want to remember • Copy and file in multiple buckets if needed • Cross reference system (color coded)

15. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Writing to sections of dissertation

16. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Evidence that problem exists

17. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Methodology (Participant Selection)

18. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Strategies for Effective Writing

19. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Strategy #1:Capture Reader Interest: Tell a Story

20. TELLING A STORY Begin At The Very Beginning 3 Parts of Story • I. INTRODUCTION TO STORY (Evidence that problem exists) • Just tell me the facts, ma’am! • PLOT (Causes of the problem) • Who’s the bad guy? • HAPPY ENDING (Solutions to the problem) • How do we live happily ever after? Holes in the Bucket Strategy #2:Capture Reader Interest: Tell a Story in Right Order

21. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review Bibliography Lists works of research usually in alphabetical order Literature ReviewCompares and contrasts works of research Strategy #2: Understand the Difference Between Bibliography & Lit Review

22. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review There is a crucial link between play, language development, and effective adult support and involvement (Nespeca; 2016; Murnane, Sawhill, & Snow, 2018; Weisberg et al., 2017). Then, go on to explain authors’ works by comparing and contrasting. Strategy #3:Clump Like-minded Authors Together: Beginning Sentence Sets Stage

23. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review • Although research supported the X Y Z theory, Smith (2018) presented a distinctdichotomy • Unlike Duncan (2019), other researchers such as Goodwin (2018) and Austin (2017) found . . . • Similar to Jones (2017), Smith (2019) concluded . . . • Subsequent to Miller’s (2017) research, Austin (2019) found similar results . . . • Not unlike Johnson (2018), Ferguson (2018) concluded . . . • Concurring with Roberts (2017), the same results were found with Davidson’s (2018) research. Strategy #4:Use Transitional Words and Phrases when Comparing and Contrasting

24. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review • Majority of references published after 2014-2015 • Seminal, historical, groundbreaking, iconic references acceptable but should the noted in text • According to the seminal work of George (1957), …. Strategy #5:Use Contemporary References

25. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4P785j15Tzk&feature=related Strategy 7:Don’t Procrastinate

26. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review EVIDENCE OF PROBLEM CAUSES OF PROBLEM • Reasons why problem exists • National/State/Local • National • State • Local #2 #1 METHODOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEM #4 #3 • Potential answers to problem • National/State/Local • Your research as solution • Potential research plan • Possible data analyses • Ideas for tools/instruments

27. BUCKET APPROACH Writing Literature Review THANK YOU!

28. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WaddbqEQ1NE