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Introduction to Infectious Disease

Introduction to Infectious Disease. Infectious Disease – Key Terms. Infectious – can spread Disease – an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism Pathogens – “germs”; what causes disease. Germ Theory through the Ages.

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Introduction to Infectious Disease

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  1. Introduction to Infectious Disease

  2. Infectious Disease – Key Terms • Infectious – can spread • Disease – an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism • Pathogens – “germs”; what causes disease

  3. Germ Theory through the Ages Germ Theory – states that diseases are caused by microorganisms Before

  4. Before Germ Theory… • Theory of “Spontaneous Generation” – diseases were simply an unfortunate occurrence due to chance & probability Think about it….

  5. Significant Historical Developments in Infectious Disease & Germ Theory

  6. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • First microbiologist; Dutch; 1670s • Used microscopes to observe and identify microscopic living organisms

  7. IgnazSemmelweis • Vienna, 1840s “Childbirth fever”

  8. France, 1859 – Curved Flask Experiment Louis Pasteur • Essentially the definitive demonstration negating spontaneous generation

  9. Lister, 1860s: Antiseptics Washed wounds to prevent infections during surgery Joseph Lister

  10. Taxonomy and Infectious Disease • What types of pathogens cause infectious diseases? • In what taxonomic kingdoms are they classified?

  11. Taxonomy and Infectious Disease Archaebacteria Prokarya Eubacteria Protista Eukarya Fungi Autotrophic Plantae Animalia

  12. Pathogen 1: Bacteria • Living • Kingdom Eubacteria (although only a small fraction of this kingdom are pathogenic) • Structure • Prokaryotic cells • Produce toxins that harm host (parasitic) Examples

  13. Pathogen 2: Viruses • Non-living!!!! • Infect host and take over cellular metabolism to construct new viruses • Structure: • DNA or RNA core • Contained in protein capsid • Protein spikes to attach to host cells • Some have a membranous envelope • Shape can vary but all viruses are typically symmetrical Examples: HIV, Influenza, Ebola, Chickenpox

  14. Pathogen 3: Fungi • Living – Kingdom Fungi • Structure: • Eukaryotic • Chitin cell wall • Heterotrophic (by absorbing nutrients from host) • Examples: Ringworm, Yeast Infections, Athlete’s Foot

  15. Pathogen 4: Parasites • Living – Kingdoms Protista & Animalia • Structures: • Protozoans – single celled organisms • Helminthes – worms • Animal structures – mosquitoes, fleas, ticks • Transmitted through ingestion of eggs & insect bites • Examples: Malaria, Tapeworm, Bubonic Plague

  16. Pathogen 5: Prions • Non-living • Structure • Misfolded proteins that cause brain and neural damage, eventually fatal • Examples: Mad Cow Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

  17. Classroom Activity: “History-Altering” Infectious Diseases 1. Your group will be assigned 1 infectious disease that altered history. 2. Research that disease with your group on www.cdc.gov or other reliable sources about one of the following diseases: • Smallpox in Native American populations during Age of Exploration/Colonialism • Tuberculosis in Industrial Revolution age (“The Great White Plague”), • Bubonic Plague in Europe (“Black Death”) • Cholera in England (England 1800s), • Yellow fever in the Panama Canal, • Typhus (body lice) during the Thirty Years War • Polio in late 19th-early 20th century; • Biology/plant life extension: potato blight (cause of the Irish potato famine), • 1918 influenza in America (“Great Influenza” “Spanish flu” “Flu of 1918”) • H1N1 Bird flu • Swine flu

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