Objectives of Presentation

1. Objectives of Presentation • One option for participatory and flexible application of Logical Framework for analysis, planning, implementation and monitoring demonstrated • Basic system of Participatory Co-operation Management outlined • Iterative process of developing a Programme Document to become a useful tool for management at all levels shown

2. ParticipatoryIrrigationDevelopmentProgramme (PIDP) Implemented by: Ministry of Agriculture & Co-operatives (MoAC) of Tanzania Funded by: Government of Tanzania, IFAD, Irish Aid, and WFP • Approach to Development: • Small Scale Farm Households (FHH) form self-help organisations (Water User Associations (WUAs)), which establish, operate and maintain Irrigation Schemes. WUAs provide Irrigation Water. • FHHs introduce irrigated crops and change from subsistence to market- oriented production. • District Councils establish Programme Management Units to facilitate and support FHHs‘ change processes. • MoAC establishes Programme Co-ordination Unit (PCU) to facilitate and support District Programme Management Units DPMU).

3. Time Schedule 11-99 Loan Agreement signed 02-00 Date of Effectiveness 03-00 Programme Take Off 02-06 Completion expected 03-00 PCU established 09-00 DMPUs Establishment started 09-00 Districts selected Area Regions 6 Districts 12 Infrastructure Schemes 36 new 16 rehab. Charco dams 8 Wells (irr.) 72 Wells (pot.) 36 Market access roads 250 km Some Facts & Figures Beneficiaries: 14.600 Farm Households (FHHs) and 1.100 Women

4. PIDP: Hierachy of ObjectivesImpact of Programme: • (SG) Living Standard improved • ( G ) Production and Income of Small Scale Farm Households increased • ( P ) Irrigations Schemes established and operated by WUAs

5. PIDP: Hierarchy of ObjectivesDisrict Level Outputs of Programme (1): • DPMUs and District Teams established and supervised ( x 12) • District Programme Activities managed in a Participatory Manner & monitored • Establishment of WUAs (incl. Capacity Building) and Irrigation Schemes co-ordinated & supported • Private Sector Organisations supported • Introduction of improved Agricultural Practices co-ordinated & supported

6. PIDP: Hierarchy of ObjectivesPCU Level Outputs of Programme (2): • PIDP-PCU supervised • Proposals for Staffing, Qualification and Equipment of PIDP-PCU submitted to PS-MoAC / PSC and implemented after Approval • Capacity Building of Programme Implementers supported • Co-ordinated Programme Implemetation facilitated and monitored

7. Challenges for PIDP-Management at Programme Take Off 1. Programme Impact is only vaguely defined 2. Farm Households (FHHs) & Schemes / WUAs not yet identified 3. FHHs & PIDP-Management don’t know in detail constraints, potentials, aspirations & objectives of FHHs 4. FHHs & PIDP-Management have no specific idea about changes necessary to achieve (a) well functioning WUAs, (b) introduction of irrigated crops, (c) increased market-oriented production, (d) new distribution of labour in FHHs 5. Hence support services required by FFHs are not known . 6. Districts not yet identified. Hence required / existing capacities / competencies and necessary capacity building meassures are not known

8. How PIDP-Management is mastering the challenges 1. Inform Districts about dis-/advandages of participating in the Programme and organise a competitive selection 2. Sensitise / train selected Districts to interact with FHHs in a participatory manner 3. Facilitate / moderate community meetings to inform FHHs about dis-/ advantages of participating in the Programme. 4. Facilitate / moderate meetings of FHH-groups to analyse the existing situ- ation, explore potential solutions and decide on objectives and processes of change in a participatory manner and organise a competitive selection 5. Facilitate / moderate meetings of selected FHH-groups to work out detailed plans how to establish / operate a WUA, how to participate in scheme development and how to organise change at home 6. Enter into an agreement of participatory co-operation

9. PIDP OutputImpact G Farm Households IMPACT P Water User Associations O District Councils OUTPUT O PIDP-PCU MoAC

10. Farm Households IMPACT • PresentSituation of FHHsanalysed • Objectivesidentified O OvI MoV Ass. A I Ass. A participatory process, owned by farm households and supported by Districts, leads to following achievements: Living Standards improved Change Process implemented Production & Income increased

11. Farm Households IMPACT • Present Situation of FHHs • analysed • Objectives identified O OvI MoV Ass. A I Ass. A participatory process, owned by farm households and supported by Districts, leads to following achievements: Production increased WUA & Infrastructure established Irrigation Water provided & Scheme operated& maintained

12. District Councils OUTPUT • Present District Council’sCapacities analysed • Objectives identified O OvI MoV Ass. A I Ass. A participatory process, owned by Districts and supported by PIDP-PCU & Farm Households, leads to following Achievements: WUAs established & Production increased Capacities improved Change at Farm Houshold & Community / WUA supported

13. PIDP-PCU MoAC OUTPUT • Present PIDP-PCU’s& MoAC’sCapacitiesanalysed • Objectivesidentified O OvI MoV Ass. A I Ass. A participatory process, owned by PIDP-PCU / MoAC and supported by IFAD, Irish-Aid, WFP, Districts, and Farm Households, leads to following achievements: DPMUs facilitate change process of FHHs and provide needed suport services Change Process implemented Districts’ Capacity Building supported & Co-ordinated Participatory Programme Implemetation facilitated & monitored

14. G Farm Households O O O O O O O O O O O O OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. P A A A A A A A A A A A A I I I I I I I I I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Water User Associations O District Councils O PIDP-PCU MoAC Summary & Overview Analysis / Setting Objectives Change Process / Capacity Building Service Delivery / Production

15. G Farm Households P O O O O O O O O O O OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. O O OvI OvI MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Water User Associations A A A A A A A A A A A A I I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. I I I I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. O District Councils O PIDP-PCU MoAC Participatory Situation Analysis &Setting Objectives at Farm Household

16. G Farm Households P O O O O O O O O O O OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. O O OvI OvI MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Water User Associations A A A A A A A A A A A A I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. I I I I I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. O District Councils O PIDP-PCU MoAC Participatory Analysis & Setting Objectives at PIDP-PCU / DPMU How good is our service? Not good enough!

17. O O O O O O O O O O O O OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI OvI MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV MoV Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. A A A A A A A A A A A A I I I I I I I I I I I I Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Ass. Living Conditions improved Capacity Building at Farm Household / WUA G Farm Households P Water User Associations O District Councils O PIDP-PCU MoAC

18. More simplicity!! More reality!! More complexity!! identification formulation implementation iterative processes of doing, monitoring, evaluating, and replanning Continuous striving for improvement: TQM iterative processes of doing, monitoring, evaluating, and replanning Continuous striving for improvement: TQM Who is who? What business are we in? What are our objectives? What process are we in? Who is our client? Who is our provider / supporter? How efficient are we? Do we achieve our objectives?

19. How to develop the Programme Document / Logical Framework? Appraisal Report Project Document Version: X+1 Project Document Version: X+2 Project Document Version: X+3 Organisational set up of Programme Identification of Farm Households Identification of Districts’ Needs for Capacity Building M&E Information Farm Household Identification of Districts Identification of Farm Households’ Problems & Objectives M&E Information WUA / Scheme Identification of Priv.Sect.s’ Needs for Capacity Building Formation of DPMUs M&E Information Districts Identification of Communities Identification of Schemes M&E Information PCU Identification of required support Identification of required support

20. End of Part 1

21. Situation Analysis (FHH) • How low / unreliable is rainfall • How high is population density (FHH-members / plot) • How high is prevalence of water borne diseases • How poor is nutritional status • How low / unreliable are yields per unit area • How high is workload of women and children • How poor is access to markets • How poor is organisational / institutional set up at District / Community level • How much fertile alluvial soils are available • How much rainfall for water harvesting • How many small scale farmers motivated to change • How much demand for future increased production

22. Setting Objectives (FHH) • What new irrigated crops to plant • What tratitional crops to maintain • What yield per unit area to expect over times • What skills / improved farming practices to apply • What inputs to acquire (seeds, fertilizer, water, etc.) • What sequence of activities to introduce • How to redistribute workload within the FHH • What change of roles and relationships to introduce • How to organise interaction with neighbours • How to access the market • How to store the harvest • How to process the harvest • How to increase efficiency of farm work • How to access support services • How to participate in management / operations of WUA

23. Change Process (FHH) • What improved farming practices to adopt • How to define new roles and responsibilitites • How to participate in relevant training • What tools / implemets to acquire • What structures to establish • How to levell the field • How to construct bunds • How to participate in establishment of scheme • How to participate in management of WUA

24. Situation Analysis (WUA) • What are the dominant values and attitudes of FHHs • What are the main features / patterns of behaviour, in particular: individualistic and co-operative activities • What local approaches to water harvesting exist and what are the existing shortcomings • What conflicts exist among FHHs about use of resources, in particular water • What traditional approaches to mutual co-operation do exist • What functioning Village Government Systems do exist • What is the status of FHHs in terms of basic education • How conducive is legal framwork for associations • How well is allocation of legal individual ownership (incl. women) on land recognised

25. Setting Objectives (WUA) • What kind of organisational set up is required • What kind of management structure is required • What roles and responsibilities are to be adopted by members and management • What type of constitution is required • How to organise provision of water • How to organise operation and maintenance of scheme • How to organise additional services for members • How to monitor performance of WUA • How to access technical support (advice / physical input)

26. Change process (WUA) • What improved organisational and management practices to adopt • How to define new roles and responsibilitites • How to participate in relevant training • How to make commitment to contribute to scheme development • How to deliver contributions to scheme development • How to monitor scheme development • How to negotiate and reach agreements with DPMU and private sector organisations

27. Situation Analysis (District) • Who are our clients and what do we know about them • What are the clients’ objectives and needs for change • What are the clients’ needs for support • What kind and quality of services do we offer • Where do we need to improve • What options for improvement do we have (organisational development, staff development, improving equipment) • Where do we get what kind of support • How do we monitor and evaluate our own development • How do we monitor and evaluate development of our clients (IMPACT of our services)

28. Setting Objectives (District) • How do we initiate and facilitate community /FHHs meetings • What kind of training do we offer for FHHs (organisational development, agricultural practices, savings & credits, operation & maintenance) • How do we facilitate co-operation between WUAs and Zonal Irrigation Units and other technical service providers • How do we facilitate contracting private sector organisations • How do we supervise scheme development • How do we facilitate sourcing of funds • How do we monitor and evaluate our performance and impact of our services • How do we co-operate with PCU

29. Change process (District) • What kind of training and other change processes do we need • How do we introduce participatory practices and team management in our organisation • How do we introduce the use of Logical Framework, Action Plans, Work Plans and particpatory M&E appproaches in our organisation • What kind of organisational set up do we need for Programme implementation and supervision • How do we monitor and evaluate our change process