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Roman Empire Continued

Roman Empire Continued. I. Theological State. A. Ideal of one emperor and one faith working together in mutual dependence B. Presents strengths and weaknesses for the empire. II. Challenge of the Monophysites A. Was Christ Divine and Human? B. Council of Chalcedon, 451

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Roman Empire Continued

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  1. Roman Empire Continued

  2. I. Theological State A. Ideal of one emperor and one faith working together in mutual dependence B. Presents strengths and weaknesses for the empire

  3. II. Challenge of the Monophysites A. Was Christ Divine and Human? B. Council of Chalcedon, 451 C. Divisions in the Empire 1. Monophysites vs. Chalcedonians 2. Egypt, Palestine, Syria vs. Heartland

  4. III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora A. Constantinople at its height 1. 600,000 people 2. Great walls, baths, gardens, churches, hippodrome 3. Blues and Greens B. Justinian’s wars of expansion 1. Stress on finances and society 2. Nika riots a. Theodora saves the day

  5. III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora C. Constantinople rebuilt 1. Hagia Sophia

  6. Hagia Sohia, Constantinople 537

  7. Hagia Sophia interior

  8. Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 691

  9. Church of St. Basil, Moscow, 1561

  10. III. Glories and Agonies of Justinian and Theodora C. Constantinople rebuilt 1. Hagia Sophia 2. Corpus Juris Civilis D. Monophysite Split unresolved

  11. IV. Challenge of Islam • Romans win a hard-fought victory over Persians • East Rome at it military height • But opens the door to Muslim conquests B. Muslim Empire—another theological state 1. Muhammad (570-632) C. Monophysite split helps Muslim conquest

  12. IV. Challenge of Islam D. Effects of Muslim Conquests 1. Reduces and eventually destroys East Roman Empire 2. Christianity becomes a European religion a. East Romans defend Europe with dramatic defense of Constantinople b. “Greek Fire” used for the first time, 678

  13. V. Iconoclasm and Renewal • Roman vulnerability leads to theological doubts • Icons are portraits of saints, holy men • a. convey spiritual power in private devotions • 2. Emperor Leo III (717-41) attacks icon worship B. Military situation improves and icons approved 1. Council of 843 gives the OK 2. Byzantine tradition of art continues

  14. Psalter from the 10th century

  15. Church of St. Clement Serbia, 13th century

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