Writing-To-Win (Monday):

1. Writing-To-Win (Monday): Write new words for the following underlined words. Then, re-write the standard with the new words. Finally, write 3 “I can” statements about the new standard. SSUSH8: The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion.

2. SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. Explain how slavery became a significant issue in American politics; include the slave rebellion of Nat Turner and the rise of abolitionism (William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, and the Grimke sisters). b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories.

3. Before the Standard… • T or F – The Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery. • T or F – The Northern States were called Confederate and the Southern States were called Union. • T or F – The Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves from the bondage of involuntary servitude. • T or F – Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves because he loved all mankind, Black or White. • T or F – Lincoln was a Democrat because the Democratic Party was the political party that was formed to oppose slavery.

4. Slavery and the Southern Economy • The South was mainly agricultural with very little manufacturing • The main crops during the mid 1800s were rice and cotton, both which required extensive labor to produce • Though slavery was prevalent in the South, the vast majority of Southerners did not own slaves

5. Page 1 Essential Question • How did slavery come to be a significant issue in American politics? (pg. 278-286) • Include the uprising of Nat Turner and the rise of the Abolitionmovement via William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglas, and the Grimkesisters. • Create a chart like the one below in which you plot the names of the individuals above and their contribution to making slavery a significant political issue Nat Turner William Lloyd Garrison Frederick Douglas Grimke Sisters

6. Nat Turner’s Revolt • Slave Codes put restrictions on slaves, preventing them from learning to read and write and restricting their rights • Nat Turner, a Virginia slave, believed God had chosen him to lead a revolt • Turner and his followers killed more than 50 people before being caught • Turner’s Revolt led to states passing even stricter codes and restrictions on both slaves and free African Americans

7. Abolitionist • Grimke Sisters: South Carolina sisters who moved north to promote the abolitionist movement • William Lloyd Garrison became one of the country’s leading abolitionist, publishing the pro-abolitionist newspaper the Liberator. He believed in complete emancipation • Fredrick Douglas, a former slave from Maryland, published the abolitionist newspaper the North Star and an autobiography

8. Page 2 Essential Question • How did the Missouri Compromise affect the admittance of new states to the Union? (pg. 246-247) • What were the new criteria by which states were admitted? • First - Identify the Missouri Compromise [ define the Missouri Compromise…e.g. What was it?] • Next – Describe the criteria by which new States were admitted into the Union per the Missouri Compromise • Ex. Missouri Compromise = …blah blah blah…blah. Criteria for Admittance = States were admitted into the Union…blah blah blah…blah & blah.

9. The Missouri Compromise • In 1819 the U.S. consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states • Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state in 1819 • To off set the imbalance Maine applied for statehood as a free state • The Missouri Compromise granted statehood to both free and slave states and set a boundary for which areas slavery could expand in to - Everything north of the line was free and everything south would be slave Why would the South agree not to expand slavery into the Unorganized Louisiana Territory?

10. SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. e. Explain the Compromise of 1850.

11. Essential Question • What was the Nullification Crisis and what role did it play in the rise of “states rights” ideology? (pg. 255-256) • What role did John C. Calhoun play in the development of sectionalism? (pg. 246-247) • Create a Flow Chart on Page 3 [Essential Question Goes Here] Beginning / Causes Middle / Crisis Effects / Outcomes • Write you EQ @ the top of Page 3 • Your Flow Chartshould have 3 parts • Beginning • Middle • End • Use the Notes in thenext slides to fill-inyour chart

12. In the early 1800s South Carolina’s economy began to weaken in part due to high government tariffs, or taxes, on imports In 1828 Congress passed another tariff, which many called the Tariff of Abominations South Carolina threatened to secede from the U.S. over the high tariffs Why would tariffs hurt Southern states like South Carolina more than Northern States? SSUSH8c. Describe the Nullification Crisis and the emergence of states’ rights ideology; include the role of John C. Calhoun and development of sectionalism. Nullification Crisis

13. Nullification Crisis • Vice-President John C. Calhoun, from South Carolina, supported the idea of nullification, or the right of the states to declare federal laws null, or void • He declared that states had this power of nullification because the states had created the federal government

14. Nullification Crisis • In 1832, Congress passed yet another tariff law • In November 1832, South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null, and refused to pay the federal government’s taxes on imports

15. Nullification Crisis • President Andrew Jackson ordered a warship to Charleston, viewing the nullification as a treasonous act • To ease tensions, Congress passed a bill that gradually lowered tariffs • South Carolina repealed its nullification of tariffs and the issue was temporarily solved How was the Nullification Crisis an example of sectionalism?

16. Writing-To-Win: FREE WRITE! You can write about any topic today! Must have a minimum of 6 sentences. Make sure you writing is on an appropriate topic!

17. Bell Ringer • Benjamin Franklin was one of the leaders of the American Revolution. He was also a writer and publisher. He used his printing press to share wise sayings that he hoped would help his readers. Some of these sayings he wrote himself. Some he adapted from other sources. • Here are some of the sayings Franklin published. Read them carefully then say what virtues you think Franklin admired; write each virtue down in order of each saying. • A lie stands on one leg, the truth on two • One today is worth two tomorrows • Three may keep a secret, if two of them are dead • A quarrelsome man has no good neighbors • Up, sluggard, and waste not life; in the grave will be sleeping enough • Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, & wise • An investment in knowledge always pays the best interest • Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today • He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing • What do these sayings mean? Can you re-phrase them in your own words? Be ready with an answer…I’m going to call on some people!

18. Page 4 Essential Question • Alternatively – you may want to describe the Wilmot Proviso & Compromise of 1850 on the BACKof Page 4 • Why was the War with Mexico fought? (pg. 308-310) • What was the Wilmot Proviso & the Compromise of 1850? (pg. 312 (Wilmot Proviso); 328-329(Compromise of 1850) [Essential Question Goes Here] War With Mexico Causes Effects Wilmot Proviso Compromise of1850 • Create a C/E chartof the War w/ Mexico • Next create a sectionfor the Wilmot Proviso& the Compromise of 1850 • For both the WilmotProviso & the Compromiseof 1850 answer the following: • What? • Who? • Why? • Answer based on notes &/or Handouts

19. SSUSH8d. Describe the war with Mexico and the Wilmot Proviso. War With Mexico • James Polk become President in 1845, promising to annex Texas, and Oregon. • The U.S. annexes Texas, causing a boundary dispute with Mexico. • Polk ordered the army into the disputed area where Mexican troops opened fire on the Americans • Polk then declared war on Mexico, claiming they were the aggressors

20. War With Mexico • The American army is ordered into Mexico, and out to California • Before the troops can reach California, a group of American settlers revolt and take the area naming it the Bear Flag Republic • In 1847, the U.S. Army enters Mexico City causing the Mexicans to surrender and ending the war

21. War With Mexico • Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the war, giving the U.S. a vast amount of land in the Southwest • The U.S. now stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean Why would this treaty cause problems with the Slavery issue?

22. Wilmot Proviso • Proposed in 1846, that any territory gained from Mexico would not be allowed to have slaves • The proposal upset Southerners, and though it passed in the House, but the Senate refused to vote on it • The Wilmot Proviso continued a north-south sectionalism divided over the slavery issue

23. Wilmot Proviso • To counter the Wilmot Proviso and to ease tension, a proposal was made to allow the new territories to decide for themselves on the slavery issue, an idea called popular sovereignty • California applied for statehood in 1849, threatening to break the balance of free and slave states • Henry Clay proposed a resolution which became known as the Compromise of 1850

24. Compromise of 1850 SSUSH8e. Explain the Compromise of 1850. • Though the Compromise initially had little support, it was passed, by dividing it into smaller bills, allowing Congress to vote on each issue separately easing the tension, for the time being, over slavery

25. 5 Question Quiz: 1. How was the Fugitive Slave Act a win for the South? 2. What was the significance of Nat Turners’ Rebellion? 3. Explain popular sovereignty. 4. How was the Nullification Crisis solved? 5. Why did the Wilmot Proviso upset Southerners?