Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Personality and Individuality By: Ty and Naddy

2. Different Traits • Cardinal trait- a trait that is so persuasive that the person is almost identified with the trait • One of Tyler’s cardinal traits is his ways to amuse people by acting funny • Surface trait- characteristic that can be observed in certain situations • Bauder is a real nice guy, but when he’s on that basketball court he’s tough and mean • Source trait- a characteristic that can be considered to be the core of the personality • One of Naddy’s main source traits is she is carefree and lively

3. Matching • Behaviorism- belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior and nothing else • Validity- the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure • Unconscious- the part of the mind that holds mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories of which are unaware but that strongly influences conscious behaviors • Self- ones experience or image of oneself developed through interactions with others • Heritability- a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors • Fully functioning- an individual whose person and self coincide

4. Completion&Multiple Choice • Ego- part of personality that is in touch with reality • Id- part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, and instincts, as well as repressed material • Percentile system- a system for ranking test scores that indicates the ratio of scores lower and higher than a given score • Reliability-ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions • Standardized- tests must be administered and scored the same way every time

5. Defensive Mechanisms • Definition: certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances • Examples: • Rationalization- “Those test questions didn’t make sense!” • Repression- “I hate you, Dad” • Denial- “No, that really didn’t happen to me” • Projection- “I’m not the jealous one, she is!” • Reaction Formation- “Here son, I can’t have you this weekend, but here is 50 bucks, go have some fun” • Regression- 16 year old boy: “WAAAAAHHHH” • Displacement- “Grandma, your always in the way” • Sublimation- “I’m going to work harder in practice because she makes me mad”

6. Theories • Two-factor- Charles Spearman’s theory of intelligence that proposes that two factors contribute to an individual’s intelligence • Social cognitive- Albert Bandura’s theory in which a person acquires new behavior by watching others • Personal construct- George Kelly’s theory that our processes are psychological channelized by the ways in which each of us anticipates events

7. Different Tests • Achievement-an instrument used to measure the amount of knowledge a person has learned in a given subject or area • Rorschach Inkblot- developed by Hermann Rorschach in which he uses ten cards with ink blots on them to elicit emotional responses from people • Projective- an unstructured test of personality in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli • Objective- a forced-choice test designed to study personality characteristics in which a person must select one of several answers

8. Carl Jung Freud’s closest associate He distinguished between the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious He called these ideas archetypes B.F. Skinner He founded the 5 purposes of the personality People of the Psych

9. Humanistic Approaches to Personality • They stress to create and live by personal standards and perceptions instead of instinctual urges or irrational and destructive instincts and/or external causes of behavior

10. Short Answer • Explain the two sources of controversy surrounding IQ Testing. • As genetic relationship increases the similarity of IQ also increases • Environment does in fact impact IQ’s • Explain the two basic assumptions of trait theories of personalities. • Every trait applies to all people, for example, everyone can be classified as more or less dependent • These descriptions can be quantified, for example, we might establish a scale on which an extremely dependent person scores one while a very independent person scores ten.

11. CreditsA Glanzer and Wipf ProductionSound: Animations: Natalie WipfBackdrops: Natalie Wipf and Tyler GlanzerInformation at large: Tyler GlanzerStarring: Kevin Garnett as himselfLatrell Sprewell as himselfSam Cassell as himselfChristian Guzman as himselfB.F. Skinner as himselfCarl Jung as himselfBaby smurf as itselfThank you for enjoying our show.Not responsible for any accidents.