Synthetic Biology Part 1: Introduction

1. Input Synthetic Biology Part 1: Introduction Gene A Gene B AND Gene C Output

2. Prokaryotic cell micro.magnet.fsu.edu

3. Cell-Cell communication in prokaryotes http://parts.mit.edu/igem07/index.php/Chiba/Communication

4. Flow of genetic information DNA RNA PROTEIN Transcription by RNA polymerase Translation by ribosomes

5. DNA structure

6. Gene structure chromosome Gene Gene Promoter Coding sequence Terminator

7. Gene structure Transcription start site Promoter RNA Terminator

8. Promoter structure

9. Transcription bioap.wikispaces.com

10. Transcription

11. Transcription

12. mRNA structure Start codon (first amino acid of the protein) Stop codon (signal to end protein synthesis) 5’ 3’ AUG UGA Ribosome binding site to initiate translation = untranslated region

13. Transcription +1 RNA Pol -10 Box TATAA -35 Box TTGTCA RNA Core promoter = Binding site for RNA polymerase In this configuration transcription is ON

14. Transcription +1 RNA Pol A bad promoter RNA A = Activator of transcription

15. Repression of transcription +1 X R -10 box -35 box operator R = Repressor In this configuration RNA Polymerase cannot bind transcription is OFF

16. Repression of transcription • The lactose operon of E. coli lacI repressor X R -35 O -10 Transcription is OFF R Active repressor

17. Induction of gene expression • The lactose operon of E. coli lacI repressor RNA Pol -35 O -10 X Transcription is ON R Inactive repressor = inducer (lactose)

18. Silencing by antisense RNA siRNA 5’ 3’ 5’ 3’ AUG UGA X Translation Binding of siRNA causes mRNA degradation

19. Repression by mRNA cleavage RNA cleavage 5’ 3’ AUG UGA Ribozymes + aptamer

20. mRNA structure Start codon (first amino acid of the protein) Stop codon (signal to end protein synthesis) 5’ 3’ AUG UGA Ribosome binding site to initiate translation = untranslated region

21. Translation

22. The genetic code brooklyn.cuny.edu

23. Protein structure biochem.arizona.edu