1 / 52

Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition

Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition. Chapter 1: Introduction to Database Management. Objectives. Why study database management? Introduce Premiere Products, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the text Introduce basic database terminology

modesty
Download Presentation

Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Concepts of Database Management, Fifth Edition Chapter 1: Introduction to Database Management

  2. Objectives • Why study database management? • Introduce Premiere Products, the company that is used as the basis for many of the examples throughout the text • Introduce basic database terminology • Describe database management systems • Explain the advantages and disadvantages of database processing • Introduce Henry Books, the company that is used in the case that runs throughout the text

  3. Why manage data? • Changing view of data • Higher costs of lost data • Encouragement of “team problem-solving” • Flexible reporting • Integrating it into decision-making better

  4. Background Info • DBMS software $25B/year industry • Networked DBMS growing fastest • DB research underpins • communication systems • Enterprise applications • multimedia • Internet • scientific applications

  5. Data Management Tasks Common tasks for flat files and databases are: • designing the file or database structure • entering the data • updating data by adding, changing, or deleting • sorting the data • searching through the data for a record or group of records • obtaining screen or printed output

  6. Approaches to Data Management include: • Custom Program Approach • File Processing System Approach • Database Management System Approach

  7. Contrasting Database and File System Designs

  8. Problems associated with file processing systems • Application/Program dependence • Data is separate and isolated • Data reduplication • Multiple formats; hard to share data across applications.

  9. Operating System Database Management System Application Programs Database Management Databases Data Dictionary Database Management Systems

  10. Disadvantages of DBMS Approach • Cost • Size • Complexity • Additional Hardware Requirements • Higher Impact of Failure • Recovery more difficult

  11. External Databases Database Server End User Workstation Distributed Databases Operational Databases End User Databases Data Warehouse Databases Analytical Databases Major Types of Databases

  12. Database Management Systems • Program(s) through which users interact with database • Popular DBMSs include • Access • Oracle • DB2 • SQL Server • Premiere Products decides to use Access

  13. DBMS Classifications • Platform • Stand alone • Network • Mainframe • Organizational Level • `Individual • Workgroup • Enterprise-wide (ex. SAP use of Oracle) • Data Model Supported • Hierarchical • Network • Relational • Object-Oriented

  14. Database Models • Hierarchical • Network • Relational • Object-oriented details follow

  15. Employee Record 1 Employee Record 2 Employee Record 3 Employee Record 4 Name SS Salary Name SS Salary Name SS Salary Name SS Salary Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Data Logical Data Elements Personnel Database Payroll File Benefits File

  16. Database Structures Network Structure Hierarchical Structure Relational Structure Dept Empno Dept A 1 A B 2 B C 3 C

  17. Premiere Products • Distributor of appliances, house wares, and sporting goods • Uses spreadsheet software to maintain important data • Recent growth has made spreadsheet approach problematic

  18. Figure 1.1: Sample Orders Spreadsheet

  19. Problems Using Spreadsheet • Redundancy • Duplication of data or the storing of the same data in more than one place • Occurs when the same information is stored in more than one place • Difficulty accessing data • Limited security • Size limitations

  20. Premiere Products Required Information • Sales Reps • Sales rep number, last name, first name, address, total commission, commission rate • Customers • Customer number, name, address, current balance, credit limit, customer sales rep • Parts Inventory • Part number, description, number units on hand, item class, warehouse number, unit price

  21. Figure 1.2: Premiere Products Sample Order

  22. Premiere Products Customer Order • Order • Order number, order date, customer number • Order line • Order number, part number, number units ordered, unit price • Overall order total • Not stored since it can be calculated

  23. Database Background • Database • Structure that can store information about • Multiple types of entities • Attributes of those entities • Relationships among entities • Entity • Person, place, thing, or event • Premiere Products has sales reps, customers, orders, and parts

  24. Database Background (con’t) • Attribute • Property of an entity • Customer has name, street, city, et cetera • May also be called a field or column

  25. Figure 1.3: Entities and Attributes

  26. Database Background (con’t.) • Relationship • Association between entities • One-to-many relationship - rep is related to many customers • Customer is related to a single rep • Data file • File used to store data • Computer counterpart to ordinary paper file

  27. Figure 1.4: One-to-Many Relationship

  28. Figure 1.5: Rep and Customer Tables

  29. Figure 1.5: Orders and OrderLine Tables (con’t.)

  30. Figure 1.5: Part Table (con’t.)

  31. Figure 1.6: Alternative Orders Table

  32. Entity-relationship Diagram • Visual way to represent a database • Rectangles represent entities • Lines represent relationships between connected entities

  33. Figure 1.7: E-R Diagram

  34. Figure 1.8 and 1.9: Using DBMSs in Different Ways

  35. Building a Database • Database design determines the structure of a database • Design entered into DBMS during construction • Tables – stores data • Forms – screen objects used to maintain, view, and print from a database • Reports – provides formatted output • Switchboards – a set of special forms used to provide controlled access to the data, forms, report and other objects in a database

  36. Figures 1.10 and 1.11: Part and Order Forms

  37. Figure 1.12: Parts Report

  38. Figure 1.13: Main Switchboard

  39. Figure 1.14: Main Data Switchboard

  40. Figure 1.15: Advantages of Database Processing

  41. Figure 1.16: Disadvantages of Database Processing

  42. Introduction to Henry Books Database Case • Book store chain operated by Ray Henry • Henry decided to use database to gather and store information on: • Branches • Publishers • Authors • Books

  43. Figure 1.17: Sample Branch Data

  44. Figure 1.17: Sample Publisher Data (con’t.)

  45. Figure 1.18: Sample Author Data

  46. Figure 1.19: Sample Book Data

  47. Figure 1.20: Wrote Table Relates Authors to Books

  48. Figure 1.20: Inventory Table Relates Branches to Books (con’t.)

  49. Summary • Nondatabase approaches to management have problems with replication, redundancy, sharing, limited security, and size limitations • Entity - a person, place, object, event, or idea for which you want to store and process data • Attribute, field, or column - a characteristic or property of an entity • Relationship - an association between entities

  50. Summary • One-to-many relationship - exists when • Each occurrence of the first entity is related to many occurrences of the second entity • Each occurrence of the second entity is related to only one occurrence of the first entity • Database is a structure that can store information about multiple types of entities • An entity-relationship (E-R) diagram represents a database pictorially • Database management system (DBMS) - a program, or a collection of programs, through which users interact with a database

More Related