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SOLUTIONS

SOLUTIONS. Section 8.1 and 8.2. Solution. There are 2 components to every solution: Solute—A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution Solvent—The substance in which the solute dissolves The solution takes the state of the solvent. Substances can dissolve in water in 3 ways:.

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SOLUTIONS

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  1. SOLUTIONS Section 8.1 and 8.2

  2. Solution • There are 2 components to every solution: • Solute—A substance whose particles are dissolved in a solution • Solvent—The substance in which the solute dissolves • The solution takes the state of the solvent

  3. Substances can dissolve in water in 3 ways: 1. Dissociation—ionic compound separates into ions as it dissolves 2. Dispersion—process involves breaking into smaller pieces 3. Ionization—Neutral molecules gain or lose e-

  4. PROPERTIES OF LIQUID SOLUTIONS The 3 physical properties of a solution that vary from those of its solute & solvent are: 1. Conductivity 2. Freezing point 3. Boiling point

  5. FACTORS AFFECTING RATES OF DISSOLVING 1. Surface Area 2. Stirring 3. Increasing Temperature

  6. Star Questions • Particles that are dissolved in a solution • Solute • Process in which particles dissolve by breaking apart and scattering is called • Dispersion • Name the 2 components of a solution • Solvent and solute

  7. SOLUBILITY & CONCENTRATION Solubility is the max amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent & a constant temp usually expressed as g/100g of water Ex: 36g NaCl in 100g of 20ºC H2O

  8. 3 types of solutions Saturated solns hold as much solute as solvent can hold at a given temp Unsaturated solns have less than the max. amt of solute that can be dissolved

  9. 3 types of solutions • Supersaturated solns contain more solute than it normally hold at a given temp • if heat a saturated soln what happens?

  10. FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY 1. Polarity of solvent— “Like dissolves like” meaning a polar solvent will dissolve a polar solute or vice versa N2 & O2 are nonpolar molecules, they mix well to give soln air H2O & NaCl are polar, = saltwater H2O (polar) & Oil (nonpolar) do NOT MIX

  11. 2. Temperature—increases solubility of a solid in a liquid but a gas becomes less soluble (decreases) at higher temperatures (temp increases) 3. Pressure—Increasing pressure on a gasincreases its solubility in a liquid

  12. Which substance does not greatly increase as the temperature is increased? • NaCl • Which substance increases the most as temperature is increased? • KNO3 • Which substance decreases in solubility, as the temperature is increased? • Ce2(SO4)3

  13. If 50g of KCl are dissolved in 100g of water at 50oC, what type of solution is formed? • Supersaturated • Which substance is the most soluble at 0oC? • NaNO3 • Which substance is least soluble at 0oC? • KClO3

  14. Which 2 substances have the same solubility at 60oC? • NaCl and K2Cr2O7 • At 30oC which substance, Pb(NO3)2 or KNO3, can form the more concentrated solution? • Pb(NO3)2

  15. Above line supersaturated Below line unsaturated On line saturated

  16. Star Questions Name 3 physical properties of solution 1. Conductivity 2. Freezing point 3. Boiling point Name 3 factors that affect rate of dissolving 1. Surface Area 2. Stirring 3. Increasing Temperature Name the 3 types of solutions • Supersaturated, saturated, unsaturated

  17. Which of the salts shown on the graph is the least soluble in water at 10oC? • KClO3 2. Which of the salts shown on the graph has the greatest increase in solubility as the temperature increases from 30 degrees to 60 degrees? KNO3 3. Which of the salts has its solubility affected the least by a change in temperature? NaCl 4. At 20oC, a solution of sodium nitrate contains 100 grams of solute in 100 ml of water. What type of solution is formed? supersaturated 5. At what temperature do saturated solutions of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate contain the same weight of solute per 100 mL of water? ~71oC

  18. 6. What two salts have the same degree of solubility at approximately 19oC? NaCl & NH4Cl or KNO3 & KCl 7. How many grams of potassium chlorate must be added to water to produce a saturated solution at 50oC? ~21g 8. Thirty grams of KCl are dissolved in 100 mL of water at 45oC. What type of solution is formed? unsaturated 9. What temperature is needed for 30. grams of KCl to dissolve in 100 mL of water in order form a saturated solution? ~10OC 10. What state of matter is NH3? Gas How do you know? Decreased solubility as temperature increased Are the following solutions saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated 11. a) 40. g of KCl in 100 mL of water at 80oC un 11. b) 120. g of KNO3 in 100 mL of water at 60oC super 11. c) 80. g of NaNO3 in 100 mL of water at 10oC saturated

  19. Use the different colors for each compound!

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