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Class Notes 18.1b. Write these items on the bottom 12 lines of NB 39, skipping one line between each. scalawag – carpetbagger – Andrew Johnson – Edwin Stanton – Tenure of Office Act – Results of the impeachment trial –.
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Class Notes 18.1b Write these items on the bottom 12 lines of NB 39, skipping one line between each. • scalawag – • carpetbagger – • Andrew Johnson – • Edwin Stanton – • Tenure of Office Act – • Results of the impeachment trial –
Write these items on the top 15 lines of NB 39, skipping four lines between each. • The Civil Rights Act of 1866 • The Fourteenth Amendment • The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 Write a brief paragraph to describe the intent and the impact of each of the following.
Lesson 18.1: Rebuilding the Union Today we will identify the goals of Radical Republicans and what they did to bring about Reconstruction.
Vocabulary • radical – someone with extreme views or opinions • civil rights – rights granted to all citizens • constitution – written plan of government
Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • What does it mean to be radical? • Why should governments be based on constitutions?
What We Already Know Both Lincoln and Johnson believed that Reconstruction was the responsibility of the president.
What We Already Know Neither president’s Reconstruction plan would have required the Southern states to make any significant changes other than to recognize the freedom of African American slaves.
What We Already Know Although the former slaves were made free by the Thirteenth Amendment, their everyday lives had not changed very much.
Rebuilding Brings Conflict • When Congress met in December 1865, many of the Southern representatives had been Confederate leaders only months before. • Congress refused to seat Southern represent-atives until a committee studied conditions in the South state by state. • This let the president know that Congress planned to play a role in Reconstruction.
The Radical Republicans • Republicans outnumbered Democrats in both houses of Congress, and most were moderates who believed in limiting the federal government’s involvement in the states’ affairs. • The Radical Republicans, however, wanted the federal government to remake Southern politics and society.
The Radical Republicans Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus Stevens and Massachusetts senator Charles Sumner demanded full and equal citizenship for African Americans.
The Radical Republicans Radical Republicans wanted to destroy the South’s old ruling class, . . .
The Radical Republicans . . . and replace it with small farms, free schools, respect for labor, and political equality for all citizens.
The Radical Republicans Urged on by the Radicals, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 Declared that all persons born in the United States (except Native Americans) were citizens, and all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race.
The Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Johnson vetoed the bill – ‘too much power to the national government.’ • Johnson was opposed to making African Americans full citizens, because it would “. . . operate against the white race.” • Congress voted to override Johnson’s veto.
5. What changes did Radical Republicans want to see in the South? • Congressional control of the Reconstruction process • Full and equal citizenship for freed African Americans • The transformation of the South into a place of small farms, free schools, and political equality • Former slaves coming north to buy farms or to work in factories Choose all that are true!
6. How did Congress hope the Civil Rights Act of 1866 would improve racial equality? • By establishing the 'separate but equal' doctrine • By giving citizenship to all persons born in the United States, including former slaves and their descendants • By banning discrimination in public accommodations, such as hotels and restaurants • By granting all U.S. citizens the right to vote, regardless of race
The Fourteenth Amendment • Republicans were not satisfied with passing laws that ensured equal rights, because laws could be overturned. • They wanted equality to be protected by the Constitution itself. • To achieve this goal, Congress proposed the Fourteenth Amendment in 1866.
The Fourteenth Amendment • All people born in the United States were citizens and all citizens were to be granted “equal protection of the laws.” • Any state that kept blacks from voting would lose representatives in Congress.
The Fourteenth Amendment Johnson refused to support the amendment, and all former Confederate states except Tennessee rejected it.
The Fourteenth Amendment • This rejection outraged even moderate Repub-licans, who agreed to join forces with Thaddeus Stevens and the Radicals. • Together, they passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867.
The Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Divided the South into five military districts, each run by an army commander. • Members of the ruling class before the war lost their voting rights. • To reenter the Union, Southern states would have to approve new state constitutions that gave the vote to all adult men, including African Americans. • Each state would also have to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
7. What did the Fourteenth Amendment state? • All states must permit African Americans to vote in statewide elections. • Slavery was abolished in all states forever. • All people born in the United States were citizens and had equal rights. • The "separate but equal" doctrine could no longer be applied in the South.
8. What impact did the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 have on the South? • The South was divided into five military districts, each run by an army commander. • Members of the ruling class before the war lost their voting rights. • The Southern Democratic Party was abolished. • Southern states could reenter the Union after they wrote new state constitutions that allowed black men to vote. • Southern states must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. Choose all that are true!
9. What did the Radical Republicans require Southern states to do before they could reenter the Union? • Allow all adult men to vote, including former slaves. • Divide plantations up into family-sized farms for freedmen to buy. • Ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. • Set up offices of the Freedmen's Bureau. Choose all that are true!
