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Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System. Essential Questions. What theories account for the origin of the solar system? What properties must these theories explain? How do planets form? Is our solar system unique?. 19-1 Theories of Earth’s Origin. Early Hypothesis

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Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

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  1. Chapter 19 The Origin of the Solar System

  2. Essential Questions • What theories account for the origin of the solar system? • What properties must these theories explain? • How do planets form? • Is our solar system unique?

  3. 19-1 Theories of Earth’s Origin Early Hypothesis • French philosopher and mathematician Rene Descartes • He believed that the entire universe was filled with vortexes of whirling invisible particles. • In 1644 he proposed that the sun and planets formed when a large vortex contracted and condensed. • Evolutionary theory- calls upon common, gradual events or processes.

  4. Theories of Earth’s Origin Early Hypothesis • French naturalist Georges-Louis de Buffon • In 1745 proposed that the planets were formed when a passing star collided with or passed close to the sun and pulled matter out of the sun and the star. (Passing Star Hypothesis) • Flaws • stars are small compared to the space in between them far apart and would collide infrequently. • gas pulled from sun and other stars would be too hot to condense • Catastrophic Theory- depends on specific, unlikely events.

  5. Theories of Earth’s Origin Modern theory of the origin of the solar system • French Astronomer and Mathematician, Pierre-Simon de Laplace • 1796, combined Descartes’s vortex with Newton’s gravity theory to produce a model of a rotating cloud of matter contracting under its own gravitation and flattening into a disk (Nebular Hypothesis) • Flaws • Sun should be spinning very rapidly, it spins slowly (relative to planets)

  6. Origin of Matter All matter came into existence within minutes of the beginning of the universe, a single event called the Big Bang. A few hundred million years after the big bang matter formed galaxies containing billions of stars. Over time simple elements, for example- hydrogen and helium, linked together to form more complex elements.

  7. Solar Nebula Theory • Planets were formed from the disk of gas that surrounded the Sun as it formed. • Stars (protostars) form in contracting clouds. • Center grows hot and ignites a nuclear reaction, blowing dust and gas away.

  8. Proof • Infrared observations of T Tauristars

  9. Question • Why does the solar nebula theory imply planets are common?

  10. 19-2 A Survey of the Solar System • Testing the theories • Scientist search the future for signs of the past • Revolution and Rotation • Planets revolve around the Sun in an orbit that is close to a common plane (disk shaped) • Relative to Earth- • Mercury is tipped 7 degrees • Pluto- 17.2 degrees • All others- no more than 3.4 degrees • All planets and moons in our solar system revolve counterclockwise around the Sun, except Venus, Uranus, and Pluto • The rotation axis of the Sun and planets are also tilted similar to one another

  11. A Survey of the Solar System • Two Kinds of Planets • Terrestrial • Small, dense, rocky worlds with little or no atmosphere • Jovian • Large, low density worlds with thick atmospheres and liquid interiors

  12. Quiz for Chapter 21 • Clear your desks • You will need a piece of paper Name (first and last) Date Period Chapter 21 Quiz

  13. Questions • List at least two similarities and two differences between our Moon and Mercury • How was the Moon created? (current theory) Extra Credit- (your level of thought and effort will determine how many points will be given) If the Moon and Mercury were bombarded with meteorites and covered with craters, why did/didn’t the same thing happen to Earth?

  14. https://www.netflix.com/browse • https://www.amazon.com/Alien-Moons/dp/B078H9SF1T/ref=sr_1_7?s=instant-video&rps=1&ie=UTF8&qid=1541565345&sr=1-7

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