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1. 333 ??? ?????? ???????

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3. ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??: ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

4. ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.

5. ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????.

6. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????. ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????.

7. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????: ??????? ??????: ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????. ??????? ???????: ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????

8. ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ??? 380? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????.

9. ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????: ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? (?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????) ??????:2 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? (???? ???? ??? ????) ?????:4 ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????: ??????: ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??????: ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.

10. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? 450????? ??????? ??????? ??? 505 ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? 771 ????? (??????? ? ??????? 2004)

11. ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????

12. ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???: ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????. ((www.kfupm.edu.sa

13. ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???1344 ?? (1925) ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????. ??? ??? 1346 ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ??? ??? 1345 ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? 1355?? ???? ??????? ?? 1364?? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ??? 1370?? (1950) ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????312 ????? ???????? ?????? ?14 ????? ???????? ????? ?11 ????? ?????? ?????? ?4 ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.

14. ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1373 ?? (1953) ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1395??(1975) ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? 1400 ?? (1980 ?) . ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????. ((www.kfupm.edu.sa

15. ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????. ?? ??? 1380 ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.

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19. (????) ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? (?? ?????? ??????? ???????) ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????. ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????.