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POETRY-1 (ENG403)

POETRY-1 (ENG403). LECTURE – 8. THE RENAISSANCE. Rebirth/Revival Without implying previous death Theo-centric; anthropocentric Intellectual movement Reawakening of scholarship Recovery of ancient learning Religious and scientific inquiry Self emancipation of individual

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POETRY-1 (ENG403)

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  1. POETRY-1 (ENG403) LECTURE – 8

  2. THE RENAISSANCE • Rebirth/Revival • Without implying previous death • Theo-centric; anthropocentric • Intellectual movement • Reawakening of scholarship • Recovery of ancient learning • Religious and scientific inquiry • Self emancipation of individual • Transition in methods of study

  3. INFLUENCES LEADING TO THE RENAISSANCE • Humanism • Geographical Discovery • Invention of Printing Press • Copernican System • Fall of Constantinople • The Revolt Against Authority

  4. HUMANISM • Revival of interest-classical literature of Greece & Rome • Man gained importance • Free human personality • Worldliness • Appreciation of classical antiquity

  5. GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERY • Bartholomeu Diaz (1487) • Columbus (1492) • Vasco da Gama (1497-1499) • The Cabots (1497) • Fernando Magellan (1519-1521) • Hernando Cortez (1519) • Francisco Pizaro (1533)

  6. PRINTING PRESS • Revolution in the field of education • Literature became independent of patrons • It gave boost to the spirit of learning • 20000 title were published in England • Spread awareness among people

  7. COPERNICAN SYSTEM • Nikolaus Copernicus • Polish astronomer • Revolutionibus Orbium • Planets move round the sun • Traditional theology • Earth- a restless creature • Man- “an atom in the scheme of things”

  8. FALL OF THE CONSTANTINOPLE • Constantonople- captured by Turks (1453) • Greek scholars took shelter in Italy • Demetrius, Chalcondyles, Constantine Lascaris, Andreas J. Lascaris • Some Greek scholars had already moved.

  9. THE REVOLT AGAINST AUTHORITY • Logical result of suppression • Against dogmatic authority of church • Denial of Authority of universal church • Reliance on the individual conscience • Luther, Calvin, Knox, Huss • Reformers presented a protest in Germany • The name ‘Protestant’ emerged

  10. THE RENAISSANCE IN ENGLANG • The Oxford Group • Thomas Linacre • William Grocyn • Introduced “New Learning” • John Colet • D. Erasmus- Dutch Feminist • Sir Thomas Moore

  11. EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS WORKS • Sir Thomas More • Sir Thomas Elyot • Roger Ascham • John Foxe • Thomas Wilson • Richard Hooker

  12. THE NEW DRAMA • Nicholas Udall • Thomas Sackville • THE NEW POETRY • Sir Thomas Wyatt • Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey

  13. EDMUND SPENCER (1) • Born in 1552 in London • Elder son of John Spenser • A free journeyman cloth maker • Resident in East Smithfield • Entered the Merchant Taylors' school • Founded in 1561 under Richard Mulcaster • Supported by Robert Nowell • The curriculum of the school • Cato, Caesar, Horace, Lucan, and Homer • May 1569, Spenser left school

  14. EDMUND SPENCER (2) • Joined Cambridge • Worked for wealthy students • 1576- left Cambridge • Italian & Greek masters of Art • A few years- north of England • Harvey, his friend • London: 1579 • Admitted to literary circle • Sir Phillip Sydney & Earl of Leicester • Earl of Leicester showed favour

  15. EDMUND SPENCER (3) • Appointed secretary to Grey de Wilton • As deputy Lord of Ireland • Spent 18 years in Ireland • Service to the English Government • Irish Rebellion: heroic manner • State: the castle of kilcolman, Ulster • Wrote The Faerie Queene • 1589: Walter Ralegh visited him • Presented to the Queen • Granted pension 50 pounds

  16. EDMUND SPENCER (4) • It was not paid • Went back to Ireland • 1594: Married Elizabeth, an Irish girl • Epthalamion, wedding hym • 1595: visit to London • Astrophel: an elegy • On the death of Sydney • Went back to Ireland • Appointed Sheriff of Gork • Again faced rebellion • Burnt the castle

  17. EDMUND SPENCER (5) • He escaped with his family • Returned to England • 1599: died in a state of dejection and poverty • Burried beside his master • Westminster Abbey

  18. SPENSER’S WORKS • Mother Hubbard’s Tale • The Complaints • Colin Clout Comes Home Again • The Amoretti and the Epithalamion • The Epithalamion • The Faerie Queene

  19. CHARACTERISTICS OF HIS POETIC WORKS • Outburst of Great Elizabethan Poetry • First national poet in two centuries • Pastoral compositions modeled after Virgil • Melody is unsurpassed

  20. SPENSER’S STYLE • Supreme in his vision, • Ultimate world of poetic fluency • Ornate imagination • Rich imagery • Lofty idealism • Sensuous poet • Luxuriant colour • Verbal music

  21. SPENSER’S STYLE • Blended: romantic ideas, nationalistic feeling, idealistic thought • Experimented with language; enriched it • Used archaism, allusions

  22. THE FARERIE QUEENE • 1590 edition • Letter to Sir Walter Ralegh • “the generall end … is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline”

  23. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (1) • 12 Books • Each book having 12 Cantos • Twelve day feast • Held by Gloriana, the Queen • Stranger appeared asked for help • Giant, tyrant, dragon • Assigned a knight

  24. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (2) • Each book- Adventure of one knight • Each knight- twelve virtues of Aristotle • Opposed to the twelve vices • Prince Arthur- central figure • Ideal knight- symbolizing magnificence

  25. GENERAL PLAN OF THE BOOK (3) • An allegory of virtues and vices • An allegory of the times and people • A story of romance and adventure • Character and action- double meaning • Only Six books were completed • Book 7 is unfinished

  26. THE ALLEGORY • An allegory is an extended metaphor. • A story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. • The function of allegory in poetry is to provide two meanings to a poem. • Moral Allegory • Religious Allegory • Political-Historical allegory

  27. MORAL ALLEGORY • The characters represent various virtues and their contrary vices at war in the soul which strives for perfection.

  28. RELIGIOUS ALLEGORY • The representation is a struggle of • the English Reformed Church, • the Church of England, • the Church of Rome • With Atheism and Paganism

  29. POLITICAL- HISTORICAL ALLEGORY • To Glorify the State • In the “most excellent and glorious person of our soveraine the queene, and her kingdom in Faery land” • Queen Elizabeth • Other Elizabethan figues

  30. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (1) • CLASSICAL • Virgil’s pastorals • Homer’s Illiad and Odyssey • Aristotle’s Philosophical works • Plato’ writing • Natale Conti’s Mythologia • Boccaccio’s De Genealogia Deorum

  31. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (2) • ROMANTIC • Epics of Chivalry • Aristotle’s Orlando Furioso • Tasso’s GerusalemmeLiberata • Malory’s Morte d’ Arthur • Montalvo’sAmadevis of Gaul

  32. INFUENCES ON SPENCER (3) • ALLEGORICAL • Dante’s Divine Comedia • Roman de la Rose • Chaucer’s Parliament of Fowls

  33. BOOK 1 • STORY • George- the knight • Lady Una • The knight slays the dragon • Recovers the castle of lady Una’s father

  34. BOOK 1 • ALLEGORY • The red Cross Knight- St. George; champian of Christian holiness; Anglian Church • Una- truth; true religion • Dragon- Error

  35. BOOK 1 • STYLE (1) • Best book • Only the 10th canto is dull • Richness of contrasts is exemplified

  36. REVIEW OF LECTURE 8 • Introduction to Elizabethan Age • Influences leading to the Renaissance • Important writers • Edmund Spenser • Notable Works • The Faerie Queene

  37. http://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/general/glossary.htmhttp://www.uncp.edu/home/canada/work/allam/general/glossary.htm

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