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Introduction to Chemistry and its Branches

Explore the study of matter, the processes it undergoes, and the accompanying chemical changes in this chapter. Learn about the different branches of chemistry, including organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and physical chemistry.

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Introduction to Chemistry and its Branches

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  1. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Chemistryis the study of the __________, ____________, and ___________ of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the ________ changes that accompany these processes.

  2. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Branches of Chemistry 1. _________________ —the study of most carbon- containing compounds 2. _________________—the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics) 3. _________________—the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

  3. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Branches of Chemistry 4. _________________—the identification of the components and composition of materials 5. _________________—the study of substances and processes occurring in living things 6. _________________—the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds

  4. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Branches of Chemistry • A_________________is any substance that has a definite composition. • sucrose • water • carbon dioxide

  5. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Branches of Chemistry • _________________is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge. • how and why a specific reaction occurs • what the properties of a substance are • the discovery of Teflon™ • _________________is generally carried out to solve a problem. • development of new refrigerants

  6. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 Branches of Chemistry • Technological Development typically involves the production and use of products that _________________ _________________ • computers • catalytic converters in cars • biodegradable materials • Basic research, applied research, and technological development often overlap

  7. Visual Concepts Chapter 1 Types of Research

  8. Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

  9. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Lesson Starter • Mass of deflated balloon • Mass of inflated balloon • The matter in the balloon must have a mass.

  10. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Matter • _________________ is the amount of three dimensional space an object occupies. • _________________ is a measure of the amount of matter. • _________________ is anything that has mass and takes up space.

  11. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Basic Building Blocks of Matter • An _________ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • An _________________ is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom. • A _________________ is a substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances. Each compound is made from the atoms of two or more elements that are chemically bonded.

  12. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Properties and Changes in Matter • _________________ properties depend on the amount of matter that is present. • volume • mass • the amount of energy in a substance.

  13. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Properties and Changes in Matter • _________________ properties do not depend on the amount of matter present. • melting point • boiling point • density • ability to conduct electricity • ability to transfer energy as heat

  14. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Properties of Matter

  15. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Physical Properties and Physical Changes • A _________________is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. • melting point and boiling point • A _________________is a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. • grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling

  16. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Physical Properties and Physical Changes, continued • A change of state is a physical change of a substance from one state to another. • states of matter— _________________ __________________________________ • In the _____________ state, matter has definite volume and definite shape. • In the______________ state, matter has a definite volume but an indefinite shape.

  17. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Physical Properties and Physical Changes, continued • In the ___________state,matter has neither definite volume nor definite shape. • ___________is a high-temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms.

  18. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes • A chemical propertyrelates to a substance’s ability to _________________that transform it into different substances • A change in which one or more substances are _________________ into different substances is called a chemical change orchemical reaction.

  19. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Properties and Chemical Changes, continued • The_________________ are the substances that react in a chemical change. • The_________________ are the substances that are formed by the chemical change. reactants product Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide. carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

  20. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Energy and Changes in Matter • Energy is always involved when physical or chemical changes occur. • Energy can be in various forms. • _________________ • _________________ • Energy can be ______________________________in a change, it is not destroyed or created. • law of conservation of energy

  21. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Classification of Matter • A______________is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. • mixed together physically • can usually be separated • _________________mixtures are calledsolutions • uniform in composition (salt-water solution) • _________________mixtures • not uniform throughout (clay-water mixture)

  22. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Pure Substances • A_________________has a fixed composition. • Pure substances are either compounds or elements. • A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways: • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties. • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition. • Water is always 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.

  23. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Examples of Mixtures

  24. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Introduction to the Periodic Table • The _________________ columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. • The _________________ rows of elements in the periodic table are calledperiods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.

  25. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metals • A_________________is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. • Properties of metals • most are ____________at room temperature • _____________ - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ________ - they can be drawn into a fine wire • ___________ electricity and heat well

  26. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Nonmetals • Anonmetal is an element that is a ___________ conductor of heat and electricity. • Properties of nonmetals • many are_________ • solids are_________ • ______________of heat and electricity

  27. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metalloids • Ametalloidis an element that has some characteristics of _______ and some characteristics of _________________. • Properties of metalloids • all metalloids are __________ at room temperature • _________________of electricity

  28. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements Noble Gases • elements in Group ____ of the periodic table • generally _________________ • gases at room temperature

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