1 / 59

Agenda

Agenda. Bell ringer Review comparative essay India (through Buddhism) Closure Indian Mathematics. Review. What was the organization of Han imperial government? What was the organization of Han society? What were the major Han accomplishments? What were the causes of the fall of the Han?.

Download Presentation

Agenda

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Agenda • Bell ringer • Review comparative essay • India (through Buddhism) • Closure • Indian Mathematics

  2. Review • What was the organization of Han imperial government? • What was the organization of Han society? • What were the major Han accomplishments? • What were the causes of the fall of the Han?

  3. Unit 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)

  4. Essential learning: foundations of indian civilization (1500 BCE-300 BCE)

  5. Objectives • Assess how key geographic features of India affected its development. • Identify the significance of the Vedic Age. • Describe how the system of classes and castes regulated interaction and how they were linked to reincarnation. • Describe how Jainism and Buddhism challenged Brahmin domination. • Describe the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.

  6. Essential Questions • How did key geographic features of India affect its development? • Why was the Vedic Age important? • How did the system of classes and castes regulate interaction? How were they linked to reincarnation? • How did Jainism and Buddhism challenge Brahmin domination? • What are the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?

  7. Where is India?

  8. Target: Geography • Subcontinent • Hindu Kush and Himalaya Mountains • Indus and Ganges Rivers • Thar Desert • Deccan Plateau • Monsoons - seasonal wind that brings hot dry air in winter and wet weather in summer • Ocean has not been a barrier to travel and trade

  9. Target: The Vedic Age (1500-500 BCE) • Vedas – religious texts • Indo-Europeans migrated into northwest India (c. 1500 BCE) • Herded cattle, no central authority • Patriarchal, warrior class • Some groups migrated to the Ganges Plain (after 1000 BCE)

  10. Warfare between the Aryans and the Dasas (dark-skinned speakers of Dravidian languages) • Development of social classes based on varna (“color”) • Classes further divided into jati (birth groups, castes)

  11. Untouchables • Dhoba– washes clothes of villagers, polluted – touching used, dirty clothes, refuse to touch bhangi clothes • Chamars– leather workers, mainly farm hands • Dhanuk– farmhands, women – village midwives, contact with baby and mother pollutes, more physical freedom • Bhangi– worst, strictly untouchable, toilet cleaners, women go into homes and clean toilets and drains, men traveled roads and open spaces cleaning waste, messenger of bad news (death), during feasts – collect and eat scraps, extra helpers during times of harvest

  12. Class and caste systems came to be connected to reincarnation • Atman (immortal essence) born into another body at death • New body depended on dharma (deeds) and karma (actions) of the atman in previous reincarnations

  13. Vedic religion • Sacrifice sustained the gods • Brahmins held much power. • Women played a role in religion and could own property.

  14. Target: Jainism • 700 BCE – reaction against Brahmin power • Some retreated to forests • Alternate path to salvation – individual pursuit of insight • Distancing from desire could result in moksha – escape from cycle of reincarnation and union with the universe

  15. Jainism • Mahavira (540-468 BCE) known to followers as Jina (“the Conqueror”) • All living creatures have a holy life force • Nonviolence • Many eventually starved to death

  16. Target: Buddhism • Siddhartha Gautama • Meditated under tree to search for meaning of life • Wanted to find a way to end suffering • Called Buddha (“Enlightened One”)

  17. p. 185

  18. 4 Noble Truths • 1. All life is suffering • 2. Suffering is caused by desire for things that are illusions • 3. The way to eliminate suffering is to eliminate desire • 4. Following the Eightfold Path will help people overcome desire

  19. Eightfold Path • 1. Right views • 2. Right intentions • 3. Right speech • 4. Right conduct • 5. Right livelihood • 6. Right effort • 7. Right mindfulness • 8. Right meditation

  20. Denies the usefulness of gods • Ultimate goal: Nirvana • Spread through Central, Southeast, and East Asia • Monasteries, monks, nuns • Bodhisattvas – achieved enlightenment, chose to help others

  21. p. 184

  22. Division between Mahayana Buddhism and Theravada Buddhism

  23. Essential Questions • How did key geographic features of India affected its development? • Why was the Vedic Age important? • How did the system of classes and castes regulate interaction? How were they linked to reincarnation? • How did Jainism and Buddhism challenge Brahmin domination? • What are the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?

  24. p. 186 Indian Mathematics • Why was the Indian method of arithmetic more beneficial than methods used elsewhere? • Trace the spread of the Indian system. • Why was this system of mathematical notation invented in India?

  25. Agenda • Bell ringer • Review India (to Buddhism) • Finish India • Closure

  26. Review • How did key geographic features of India affected its development? • Why was the Vedic Age important? • How did the system of classes and castes regulate interaction? How were they linked to reincarnation? • How did Jainism and Buddhism challenge Brahmin domination? • What are the differences between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?

  27. Unit 2: Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies (600 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.)

  28. Essential learning: foundations of indian civilization (1500 BCE-300 BCE)

  29. Objectives • Describe how Hinduism evolved to meet the needs of the people. • Describe the significance of Ashoka. • Assess the significance of the time between the Maurya and Gupta empires. • Identify the accomplishments of the Gupta Empire.

  30. Essential Questions • How did Hinduism evolve meet the needs of the people? • What is the significance of Ashoka? • What happened between the Maurya and Gupta rule? • What were the accomplishments of the Gupta Empire?

  31. Target: Evolution of Hinduism • Vedic religion evolved into Hinduism because of Jainism and Buddhism. • Included parts of Dravidian cultures and Buddhism. • Individual devotion to particular god/goddess. • Many gods, sects, and local practices.

  32. Vishnu – the Preserver

  33. Shiva – The Destroyer

  34. Different ways to approach god and obtain divine favor. • Ganges River is sacred to the Hindus. • Religious duties depend on social class. • Hinduism lasted in India, Buddhism did not.

  35. Target: The Mauryan Empire (324-184 BCE) • Chandragupta Maurya (r. 273-232 BCE) • Gained control of the Magadha kingdom (late 4th century BCE), expanded into Mauryan Empire • Taxes, tolls, government monopolies, fees provided revenue • Administrative districts, large imperial army • Standard coinage • Capital at Pataliputra

  36. Ashoka • Expanded empire, but witnessed brutality in conquest of Kalinga. • Converted to Buddhism. Preached nonviolence and religious toleration. • “Pillars of Asoka”

  37. Commerce and Culture in an Era of Political Fragmentation • Dynastic disputes, expenses, and attacks led to Mauryan collapse • Power changed hands for the next 500 years • Economic, cultural, and intellectual achievement • Ramayana and Mahabharata, Bhagavad-Gita • Science and technology • Tamil kingdoms in frequent conflict

  38. Target: Gupta Empire (320-550 CE) • Capital at Pataliputra • Chandra Gupta (r. 320-335) • Important trade routes, agricultural productivity, iron deposits. • Standing army • Theater-state • Math - CONCEPT OF ZERO AND DECIMAL SYSTEM • Medicine-Vaccination for smallpox

  39. Few archaeological remains • Decline in the status of women • Lost right to inherit property, banned from studying sacred texts, sati

  40. Religion • Hinduism • Reassertion of importance of caste system and Brahmin priests • Religious tolerance • Commerce • Sought ports on Arabian Sea, decreased trade with Roman Empire, increased trade with Southeast and East Asia. • Collapsed by 550 under Hun pressure • Deccan Plateau followed an independent path

  41. Essential Questions • How did Hinduism evolve meet the needs of the people? • What is the significance of Ashoka? • What happened between the Maurya and Gupta rule? • What were the accomplishments of the Gupta Empire?

  42. Agenda • Bell ringer • Review India • Southeast Asia • Closure • Primary source books

  43. Review • How did Hinduism evolve meet the needs of the people? • What is the significance of Ashoka? • What happened between the Maurya and Gupta rule? • What were the accomplishments of the Gupta Empire?

  44. Essential learning: southeast asia (50-600 CE)

  45. Objectives • Assess how key geographic features of Southeast Asia affected its development. • Describe how Hinduism and Buddhism came to influence Southeast Asia. • Describe how rulers incorporated Indian knowledge and personnel to enhance power. • Describe how Funan rose as an economic power.

  46. Essential Questions • How did key geographic features of Southeast Asia affect its development? • How did Hinduism and Buddhism influence Southeast Asia? • How did rulers incorporate Indian knowledge and personnel to enhance power? • How did Funan rise as an economic power?

More Related