Country Specific Islamic Calendar & Hijri Calendar Introduction - Makkah Calendar

1. Country specific Islamic Calendar & Hijri Calendar Introduction

2. Country Specific Islamic Calendar Introduction Since several years we publish regularly a calendar for Makkah on our site (makkahcalendar.org), valid also for the entire of the Arabic promontory. A calendar that is both in congruity with Sharia and deductively exact. We have additionally demonstrated that the technique we utilize for calculating the calendar for Makkah is generalizable and utilisable for whatever country in the world. Therefore driving us towards setting up calendars for all countries in the world, calculable years in advance, rigorously dedicated to the statutes of Islam, at the leading edge of present astronomical knowledge and – above all – free of all arbitrary national choices. In fact, we as of now utilize this strategy to decide the dates for the start and end of Ramadan and in addition the start of Dhul- Hijjah month. After a great deal of investment in both time and in grey matter, we are pleased to declare to our steadfast

3. perusers that from 01-03-2015 onwards, we will publish on our site, year after year, a particular Hegirian calendar for each and every country in the world. We hope that our effort will contribute in a significant manner to the fulfilment of the Muslim people group all over the world. We outline below the method that we have used in order to establish a calendar for each country. Since we will give only a consolidated rendition of the clarification, we welcome our readers to refer to the detailed introduction of our calculation for the calendar for Makkah by clicking on this link. Our strategy for figuring particular calendars is the same in basically. At the start of each Islamic month we publish the predicable visibility curves of the new moon on our site, covering the entire earth. These visibility curves are presented in various shading zones reaching out from certain bare eye visibility to the nonappearance of any visibility even with capable optical tools. Within these visibility zones we choose a point of reference just within the tip of the parabola representing the “blue zone”. The reason for choosing this specific reference point is adequately explained in the introduction to the Islamic Calendar. For every nation in the world, we pick a point at the extreme east of the nation. In the event that Fajr now is after the visibility of the crescent (defined by the best time of visibility) at the point of reference in the blue zone, then the Islamic month will be considered as having started in the country, similarly as though the moon had

4. been visible in the country just after sunset. We pick the easternmost point in the country because if visibility is acquired before Fajr in the east, it will all the more be gained assist west, where Fajr is later. We have called this idea: “the idea of the extension of the visibility zone”. We need to present a subtlety in the decision of the easternmost point in each country. Indeed, it happens that for some countries the easternmost point is lost in an uninhabited domain in the sea, in the mountains, in virgin forest or in the desert. Thus, in practice, we characterize the easternmost point as the last inhabited and identified locality on a geographical map. A moment subtlety must be presented for the specific instances of both China and Russia. Give us a chance to consider every case by turn: China: China occupies a longitudinal spread from 74°E to 135°E. Although the country follows a single time zone (Beijing time), in practice the country functions differently in the east and in the west. Thus it seemed reasonable to us to define – for the regular situation where the totality of the country does not fall Inside solitary visibility zone – two distinct calendars: for Eastern China and for Western China. Thus the reader will discover two choices for China in the list of countries. The cities we have retained for the Fajr calculations for the two zones are respectively Fuyuan County, Jiamisu, Heilongjiang (48.4°N, 134.3°E) for Eastern China and Chengdu (30.7°N, 104.1°E) for Western China.

5. Russia: Russia, the biggest country in the world, covers longitudinally the entire of the eastern side of the equator from 20°E onwards. What’s more, it bulges into a part of the western half of the globe, crossing the International Date Line, until 170°W. Since October 2014, Russia functions with 11 different time zones. In any case, it would not be sensible at all to define 11 different calendars for Russia. Along these lines we have decided on three calendars, for the situation where all of the country is not secured by a single visibility zone. These calendars are: Eastern, Central and Western Russia. The localities we have held for the Fajr calculations are respectively: Uelen (66.2°N, 169.8°W) for Eastern Russia, Yakutsk (62.0°N, 129.7°E) Nizhnevartovsk (61.0°N, 76.6°E) for Western Russia. The reader will thus find three options for Russia in the list of countries. for Central Russia and United States of America & Canada: The thinking for China and for Russia does not apply to the two other very large countries of the world: USA and Canada. Our experience shows that, practically each month, both these countries fall inside the expansion of the zone of visibility in the Pacific Ocean. We will not fail to point out to our readers the cases that are not in similarity with this run the show.

6. Saudi Arabia: The instance of Saudi Arabia is distinctive. The very purpose behind the presence of our site, and its origin, lie in establishing an accurate calendar for Makkah. It so happens that the easternmost purpose of the country is in Shaybah (22.5°N 54.0°E). In practically all cases, the two calendars will be identical, Saudi Arabia not being a very big country. However, in the list for the countries, we have picked a double designation Makkah/Saudi Arabia. In the uncommon situations where the two calendars are different we will publish both. for this country: With the production of dependable country particular calendars for the whole world, we hope to have taken a large step towards the unification of the Islamic world around the Word of God. The feat is particularly significant because we have as of now appeared by strict combinatory analytics that the total and theoretical number of legitimate Islamic calendars in the world is 584 ( number of islamic calendars). Is it not a grace to be able –with the same scientific rigour – to be able to reduce this number to just one calendar by country, calculated and published month after month. May the Almighty guide our efforts in this direction! God has guaranteed: “And who is more dedicated to His Guarantee than God?” (Surah 9, Verse 111). Assist, “God has promised to those amongst you who accept and do honourable deeds, that He will doubt set up them as His lieutenants on earth, as He has accomplished for those who lived before them. He has guaranteed to set up

7. solidly firmly religion that he has decided for them, and to change their dread in security and peace.” (Surah 24, Verse 55) Contact Us www.makkahcalendar.org makkahcalendar@gmail.com