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The Solar System

The Solar System. Earth is not even the beginning!. Our Solar System. How the Solar System Formed. Large explosion sent gas and dust flying Gravity forced particles together Tighter And Tighter And even tighter Until they began to heat because of friction

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The Solar System

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  1. The Solar System Earth is not even the beginning!

  2. Our Solar System

  3. How the Solar System Formed • Large explosion sent gas and dust flying • Gravity forced particles together • Tighter • And Tighter • And even tighter • Until they began to heat because of friction • This would eventually become stars and planets

  4. How it began

  5. How The Solar System Formed

  6. Solar System • Composed of a number of things • Sun • Planets • Moons • Asteroids • Dwarf Planets • Comets • And of course Space

  7. History of Solar System • Geocentric model put earth at the center (Ptolemy) • Sun and all planets orbited Earth • Impossible

  8. Heliocentric Model • Copernicus fixed Ptolemy’s problem • Put Sun at center of Solar System • Lots of criticism • Correct

  9. The Sun • Gas star • Made of hydrogen and helium • 99% mass of solar system • Powers EVERYTHING in solar system

  10. Sun Cont. • Massive gravitational pull • 10,000 Degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 C) • 93,000,000 miles from Earth • Fusion of hydrogen to helium • Center of the Solar System

  11. Warm Up Questions… • 1. What is the main difference between the geocentric and heliocentric models of planetary orbit? • 2. Who originally proposed the heliocentric model? • 3. How hot is the sun? • 4. How far is the sun from Earth? • 5. What was the material that came from the explosion that formed our solar system? • 6. What force allowed these particles to rotate and eventually fuse together?

  12. Think About It??? • Explain how small particles such as dust and gas could form something as large as a planet?

  13. Planets • 8 Planets in our solar system. (Sorry Pluto) • 4 Inner planets (Rock) • 4 Outer Planets (Gas and Ice) • Made of rock or gas • All orbit around the Sun • Have unique features

  14. Planet Formation • Grains of dust and other material condensed and began to accumulate into small masses. • Masses grew and grew • Masses became spheres • We call them planets

  15. Inner Planets • Also known as terrestrial planets • Smaller than others • More dense • Made of Rock • Revolve fast around the sun • Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

  16. Mercury • Closest planet to the sun • Orbits the sun every 88 days • Rotates once every 59 days (1407.6 hours) • No Moons • Approx. 1/3 the size of Earth

  17. Mercury Cont. • Thin Atmosphere • Surface is covered with craters • Temp. Day=473 C Night= -173 C • Mariner 10 – 1974 • Messenger - 2011

  18. Mercury Mythology • Named after Roman god Mercurius • Messenger of the gods • Greek god Hermes

  19. Why we will never meet an alien…

  20. Venus • Second planet from the sun • No moons • Orbit period 225 days • Rotation 243 days • Same size as earth • Hottest planet in solar system • Very thick atmosphere

  21. Venus’ Atmosphere • Pressure is 92x greater than Earth • Clouds composed of sulfuric acid • Greenhouse gases trapped in atmosphere • 464 C

  22. Venus Surface • Composed of Basalt and Granite • 1978- Pioneer • 1989- Magellan • Inner core of metal

  23. Venus • Roman goddess of love • Greek would be Aphrodite • Brightest object in the night sky next to moon

  24. Mercury and Venus

  25. Warm Up Questions??? • 1. Please list the two reasons why Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system? • 2. Why are Venus and Earth considered twin planets? • 3. How long does it take Mercury to orbit the Sun? • 4. What does the surface of Mercury look like? • 5. Why does Mercury’s surface look like this? • 6. What is unique about the rotation of Venus?

  26. Earth • 3rd planet from the sun • Orbit period 365.24 days • One rotation in 23 hours and 56 minutes • Thick atmosphere (greenhouse effect) • Tectonically active • One moon

  27. Earth Mythology • Romans called her “terra Mater” • Mother Earth • Goddess Gaia

  28. Earth Formation • Originally hot • Crust cooled • Inside is hot (mantle and core) • Dense materials were pulled in close to the center by gravity. (iron)

  29. Water on Earth • Water allowed life to form on earth • Water came from two places • 1. Water vapor contained in volcanoes during eruption • 2. Contained in meteor, comet, and asteroid collisions with earth.

  30. Beginnings of Earth

  31. Warm Up Questions??? • 1. What are the four layers of the Earth called? • 2. What is the largest layer? • 3. Which layer(s) are solid? • 4. What layer do we live on? • 5. Describe the outer core? • 6. Why couldn’t we dig a hole to China?

  32. Mars • 4th planet from the sun • Orbit period 468 days • Rotation = 24hours 37 minutes • Has a tilted axis like Earth (Seasons) • Iron oxide in soil makes it red • Atmosphere • Constant wind and dust storms

  33. Mars Cont. • Temp Range -87C to -5C • Dried river and lake beds • Surface has ancient non functioning volcanoes • No tectonic plate movement • Polar ice caps

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