Chapter 12 The Spread of Civilization in China

1. Chapter 12 The Spread of Civilization in China Section 3 Korea and Its Traditions Section 4 Emergence of Japan Section 5 Southeast Asia

2. Geography of the Korean Peninsula Living Among Mountains and Season Location Affects Korea Located on China’seastern border Received culture and technological influences In 108BC the Han Dynasty took over Followed Confuciantraditions Followed model of Chinesegovernment • Located on a peninsula • Mountains cover 70% of the land • Coast is where most farmingtakes place • 5,400miles of coastline • Seafood makes up a large portion of the diet

3. Development of the Silla and Koryo Dynasties • Silla Dynasty Unites Kingdom • Mahayana Buddhismtook root among rulers and nobles • SillaDynasty took over in 676, supported by China • Advanced civilization • China continued to influencelife and government in Korea • Kyongju became the capital • Set up a Confucian academy to traingovernment officials

4. Development of the Silla and Koryo Dynasties • The Koryo Dynasty • Replaced Silla in 918 • Songkakbecame capital • Confucianismand Buddhism were influential • Helped create movable metal type

5. The ChosonDynastu Rules for Over 500 Years • Korea Creates Alphabet • In 1392the Choson Dynasty overthrew the Koryo Dynasty • Government was based on Confucian principles • Hangul, a Korean alphabetthat used symbols to represent sounds was formed • Hangul quickly spread • Hangul was extremely easy to learn

6. The ChosonDynastu Rules for Over 500 Years • Japan Invades • In the 1590’s Japan invaded China through Korea • Looted and burnedcities • Eventually made “turtle ships” helped push Japan back

7. Geography Sets Japan Apart Seas Protect Japan Forces of Nature Subject to lots of volcanoesand earthquakes Tsunamisare an effect of earthquakes • Chain of Islands • Size of Montana • Most settled along rivers and coasts • Seas protectedand isolated Japan • Too far for China to conquer • Had various traderoutes • Seas offer foodsource

8. Early Traditions Yamato Clan Religion of Nature Worshipped forces of nature Known as Shinto Buddhism still exists in Japan today • Ujiclan had a chief and special god/goddess • Womenhad a respected position in society • In 500the Yamato clan dominated most of the land for the next 1,000 years

9. Early Traditions • The Korean Connection • Japanese is related to Korean • Korean’s brought metalprint to Japan • Missionaries from Japan introduced Buddhism

10. Japan Looks to China • The Japanese Visit China • In the 600’s students were sent to study in China • Students spent at least a yearin China • Imported Chinese governmentalideas • New capital was built in Nara • Japanese nobles spoke and acted Chinese • Adopted Pagodaarchitecture

11. Japan Looks to China • Selective Borrowing Preserves Culture • Japanese eventually stopped most Chinese traditions • Selective borrowinghelped form the Japanese culture • In the 800sTang China declined • Revised Chinese writing into Kana

12. The Heian Period Women Shape the Court Lady Murasaki The Tale of Gengji Writes about love and adventure • Heian was the capital fro 794-1185 • Lived in beautifulsurroundings • Women were forbidden to learn Chinese • Women produced to most important literature

13. Warriors Establish Feudalism • The Ways of Warriors • Warfare swept through Japan in the 1400s • Clans were not loyal to the centralgovernment • Separate clans struggledfor power • Put Japan under militarypower • Supplied land for militarysupport to nobles • Nobles hired Samurai’swith smaller parts of land • Samurai were heavily armed • Developed the Bushido, or “way of the warrior”

14. Warriors Establish Feudalism • Noblewomen Lose Ground • Some could train in military • Eventually women declined • Inheritance was limited to sons • There was no code of chivalry

15. Warriors Establish Feudalism • Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants • Below the samurai were this group • Made up about 75% of population • Cultivated rice • Some served as soldiers • Artisans were sword makers and armorers

16. Warriors Establish Feudalism • Japan Holds of Mongols • Mongols tried to invade in 1274 • They arrived with 30,000troops • Typhoondestroyed many ships • Mongols tried again in 1281, another typhoon hit

17. The Tokugawas Unite Japan Central Government Economy Booms Agriculture improved Food surpluses created markets Trade was easy within the country • Tokugawas took over in 1338 • Ended feudal warfare • Central government controlled all of Japan • Created a unified society

18. Zen Buddhism Shapes Culture • Emphasizes self reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty • People seek enlightenment through meditation • Had to perform tasks in preciseways

19. Artistic Traditions New Drama Paint and Print Reflected Chinese landscapeart Painted historicalevents Produced woodblockprints • Playswere often performed on the street • Often portrayed ZenBuddhist themes • Kabukideveloped in the 1600’s as comical • Using puppetswas really popular

20. Geography of Southeast Asia Mountains Trade Routes Seasonal windsshaped routes Stayed at port between the seasons Sold spices • Mountains and plateaus kept them apart • All trade from Chinato India passed through trade routes

21. Geography of Southeast Asia • Early Traditions • Many diversegroups • Lived in isolatedvillages • Had nuclearfamilies • Women had greater equality • Some women became rulers • Women could inherit

22. Indian Culture Spreads to Southeast Asia Indian Influence Indians Bring Islam In the 1200’s Muslimbeliefs started to spread throughout the region Indonesia still claims a large Muslim population • Indian traders settled in ports • Married into influentialfamilies • Indian ideas spreadin this region

23. New Kingdoms and Empires Pagan Kingdom Khmer Empire Ruled in much of present day Cambodia, Thailand, and Malaysia Adapted Indian writings,mathematics, and architecture • Arose in 1044 • Pagan became a Buddhistcenter • Built beautiful shrines

24. New Kingdoms and Empires • Srijijaya Empire Flourishes • Controlled Strait of Malacca • Vital shippingroute • Buddhism and Hinduisminfluence beliefs • Eventually Islamwas adopted

25. Vietnam Emerges • Chinese Domination • In 111BC the Han Dynasty ruled for 1,000 years • Vietnamese studied Confucianism • Daoismhelped shape Vietnamese society

26. Vietnam Emerges • The Vietnamese Preserve Their Identity • Preserved culture while being controlled • In 39 AD two noble sistersformed a rebellion • The Chinese were forced from Vietnam • Vietnamremained a tributary state for many years