Vocabulary REVIEW

1. Vocabulary REVIEW

2. Boundary that existed before the human settlement of an area. correct answer: Antecedent boundary

3. This boundary doesn’t exist anymore, but its impact is still felt and seen on the landscape – e.g. old boundary between East and West Germany correct answer: Relic boundary

4. Boundary that develops along with the cultural landscape – e.g. the boundary between Northern Ireland and Ireland was drawn to accommodate religious, cultural and economic differences. correct answer: Subsequent boundary

5. Political boundary that ignores the existing cultural organization on the landscape usually placed by a higher authority (colonizer) correct answer: Superimposed boundary

6. The value of the total number of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year). correct answer: Gross Domestic Product

7. Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. correct answer: Human Development Index

8. An indicator of income related to GDP. Unlike GDP however, PPP takes into account price differences between countries. Usually goods in LDCs are priced lower, so this makes the difference between LDCs and MDCs less. correct answer: Purchasing Power Parity

9. Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through the ownership by large corporations. correct answer: agribusiness

10. A state who's territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. correct answer: nation-state

11. The location of a place relative to other places. correct answer: situation

12. The total number of people divided by the total land area. correct answer: arithmetic density

13. The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distinct place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems. correct answer: space-time compression

14. A state that completely surrounds another one. correct answer: perforated state

15. Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making. correct answer: Gender Empowerment Measure

16. Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities. correct answer: balkanization

17. An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. correct answer: intervening obstacle

18. An area delineated by the U.S, Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urbanized areas, they correspond roughly to neighborhoods. correct answer: census tracts

19. Large-scale emigration by talented people. correct answer: brain drain

20. Development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area. correct answer: sprawl

21. A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals. correct answer: Pastoral Nomadism

22. The physical character of a place. correct answer: site

23. An area organized around a node or focal point correct answer: functional region

24. A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel further. correct answer: central place theory

25. An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance a state. correct answer: centripetal force

26. A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. correct answer: shifting cultivation

27. A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. correct answer: creolized language

28. A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. correct answer: pidgin language

29. An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures. correct answer: squatter settlement

30. A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. correct answer: isogloss

31. The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. correct answer: possibilism

32. The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. correct answer: natural increase rate

33. A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location. correct answer: universal religion

34. The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. correct answer: distance decay

35. Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides. correct answer: sustainable agriculture

36. Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface. correct answer: scale

37. Regions offering special tax breaks, eased environmental restrictions, and other incentives to attract foreign business and investment correct answer: Special economic zones

39. A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. correct answer: transnational or multinational corporation

40. The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected correct answer: stimulus diffusion

41. Theory that industries choose locations based on where their competitors are located. Classic example is ice cream vendors. correct answer: locational interdependence

42. In the United States, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs. correct answer: urbanized area

43. An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. correct answer: state

44. The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. correct answer: agricultural density

45. The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods. correct answer: remote sensing

46. Division of the U.S. into squares normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of townships. correct answer: Township and range

47. The name given to a portion of Earth's surface correct answer: toponym

48. Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks. correct answer: Post-Fordist Production

49. Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power. correct answer: gerrymandering

50. A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment. correct answer: Right-to-work state