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Mechanism of immune infertility ＆ sterility --Anti-sperm immunity

Mechanism of immune infertility ＆ sterility --Anti-sperm immunity. Group member: 赵学英，杨晓艳，张珍，闵亚楠，阎娜，郑荣华，臧文，孟菲. How cute and lovely!. Do you know ?. Definition of Immune infertility and sterility:

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Mechanism of immune infertility ＆ sterility --Anti-sperm immunity

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  1. Mechanism of immune infertility＆sterility --Anti-sperm immunity Group member:赵学英，杨晓艳，张珍，闵亚楠，阎娜，郑荣华，臧文，孟菲

  2. How cute and lovely!

  3. Do you know ? • Definition of Immune infertility and sterility: • Under normal sex actions, a few people can generate immune responses against any step of the reproductive courses ,as a result ,the couple fail to have a baby within two years.

  4. Immune infertility and sterility • Anti-sperm immunity • Anti-zona pellucida immunity

  5. Anti-sperm immunity • Anti-sperm HI • Anti-sperm CMI

  6. Anti-sperm immune response • 一、Antigens in Semen • After centrifugation, human semen can be divided into human seminal plasma (HSP) and sperm. Both of them have many types of antigens. • HSP Ags • Sperm Ags

  7. HSP Ags • 1、blood type antigen In semen there are A、B and O blood type antigens. These antigens have no relationship with auto-sensitization. • 2、HLA antigen HLA antigen is a type of leukocyte antigen. It is widely distributed in all tissues. So is the semen.

  8. HSP Ags • 3、Other antigens: There are another 10 more antigens in semen, of which most can be detected in serum , such as albumin, globulin and so on.

  9. Sperm antigen • 1、Sperm membrane antigen and sperm surface antigen It’s confirmed that some glucosyl(糖基) on the sperm surface , such as galactose（半乳糖） , N-acetylgalactosamine（N-乙酰糖胺）, ect, paly a key role in recognition reaction. What’s more, they’re the determinate cluster of sperm Ag. Besides, many Ag components in seminal plasma can adhere to sperm surface.

  10. Sperm antigen • 2、Ag in sperm cytoplasma The sperm head plasma contains sperm protein .When the sperm is damaged, the sperm protein is revealed as Ag.

  11. Sperm antigen • 3、Sperm nuclear Ag Sperm nuclear Ag includes the yujing protein、yujing protein-2 and DNA-pol in the nucleus. It is the specific Ag of sperm.

  12. Sperm protection mechanism in male • 1、Natural barrier • 1)blood-testis barrier :The basal part of adjesent supporting cells connect tightly ,which provents sperm to contact with immune system ,so that the lymphocyte can not come across sperm. • 2)blood-epididymis barrier :The epithelium cells connect tightly to separate sperm from systemic circulation.

  13. Sperm protection mechanism in male • 3)mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue in testis and epididymis secret low level of IgG and a large amount of sIgA, as a result , pathogens can not enter testis and epididymis and sperm is protected.

  14. Sperm protection mechanism in male • 2、 Immunocytes • 1) Microfold cell :It exists in reproductive tract mucosa ,which can capture and transport Ag to imunocytes , inducing immune response • 2)MФ: in reproductive and testis interstitial tissue,which can swallow,process and present Ag to T cells.

  15. Sperm protection mechanism in male 3) lymphocyte barrier T cells and B cells in testis interstitial tissue form a lymphocyte barrier which protect sperm from immuncytes in humoral fluid

  16. Sperm protection mechanism in male • 3、Special cells • Sertoli cell and leydig cell both exist in testis and secret CKs such as IL-1、IL-6、INF-α、TGF-β • Sertoli cell can also express special surface molecules FasL,it initiate immune privilege.

  17. Sperm protection mechanism in male • 4、Immunoglobulins : The main Ab in reproductive tract is IgA(sIgA).Low level of IgGs exist in testis fluid and epididymis fluid. • 5、Cytokines:IL-1 IL-6 TGF TNF IFN ect. form cytokine network which regulate local immue funnction.

  18. Sperm protection mechanism in female • 1、Immuno-supressive material in seminal plasma • 2、Special protein in female reproductive tract can envelop and protect sperm • 3、only a small amount of sperm can reach uterus cavity

  19. The mechanism of the production of AsAb in male • 1、The destruction of blood –testis barrier Under normal condition, the blood-testis barrier keeps the sperm Ag away from the immune system . So the anti-sperm immune reaction will not occur. But after the blood –testis barrier is destructed(such as operation ,trauma),the sperm will leak from the barrier and the macrophage will swallow and digest the spermatids. And the sperm Ag may activate the immune system, which will produce AsAb.

  20. The mechanism of the production of AsAb in male • 2、the chang of cellular immunity functions • The number and the activity of the inhibitory T cells reduce. It induces the production of AsAb. • 3、The infection of reproductive tract • This may be related to existence the antibody that has the cross reaction with the sperm membrane antigen. Or it is because the infection makes the immune cells get in touch with the sperm antigen, and produce AsAb.

  21. The mechanism of the production of AsAb in male • 4、Inactivation of seminal plasma immuno-suppressive material(SPIM) The infection of reproductive tract, trauma, embolism, ect, can induce anti-SPIM Abs. These Abs can affect density , mobility and the number of survival sperm.

  22. The formation of female Anti-sperm antibody(AsAb) • Female reproductive tract contacts with millions of sperms through normal sexual activity. As for the female, sperm is not their own. But only a few sensitive females may produce AsAb. We even do not know the reason exactly.

  23. The formation of female Anti-sperm antibody(AsAb) • 1 、Differences of individual immune reaction • 2、Lacking of seminal plasma immuno-suppressive material(SPIM) in husband’s semen. • 3 、Infection of reproductive tract or sexual disease enhance the non specific immunity • 4、Injury of reproductive tract mucosa sperm antigen meets B cell below epithelial by passing the injured mucosa epithelial barrier. Thus AsAb occurs .

  24. Function of AsAb • 1、Abs against the head of sperm They can inhibit sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. They can also block sperm to combine with zona pellucida and ovum membrane ,thus inhibit fertilization. • 2、Abs against the tail of sperm can affect the mobility of sperm • 3、Activation of complement system MAC formation and death of sperm

  25. Function of AsAb • 4、Fc of anti-sperm Abs can combine with specific glycoprotein in uterine mucus, thus can inhibit sperm swim through uterine mucus. • 5、Opsonization of anti-sperm Ab can enhance phagocytosis of MФto swallow sperm.

  26. Treatment • 1、Isolation • 2、Immuno-supressive therapy • 3、Artificial insemination • 4、GIFT and IVF(配子输卵管内移植及体外受精) • 5、herb

  27. Thank you!

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