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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

Part 3. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING. BASICS OF INHERITANCE. DNA is the hereditary molecule BLUE PRINT for all traits Universal and Interchangeable. DNA EXTRACTION LAB. HUMAN CHROMOSOMES. Coiled strands of DNA 23 pairs of chromosomes 23 from ♀ egg 23 from ♂ sperm.

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BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

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  1. Part 3 BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING

  2. BASICS OF INHERITANCE • DNA is the hereditary molecule • BLUE PRINT for all traits • Universal and Interchangeable

  3. DNA EXTRACTION LAB

  4. HUMAN CHROMOSOMES • Coiled strands of DNA • 23 pairs of chromosomes • 23 from ♀ egg • 23 from ♂ sperm

  5. I. Sexual reproduction • ADD DRAWING TO NEXT PAGE

  6. II. Hybrid • Offspring produced by the mating of different species. • Every cell contains DNA from both species • Can you name some hybrid animals? Peekenese and a poodle = peek-a-poo • Horse and a donkey= mule • ADD DRAWING TO NEXT PAGE

  7. Wolf/dog hybrid

  8. Liger or tigon

  9. Zonkey or zedonk

  10. Llamal llama/camel hybrid

  11. III Chimera • Produced in the laboratory • EMBRYO FUSION- see article on "GEEP" • Draw diagram of hybrid and chimera

  12. GEEP

  13. IV IN VITRO FERTILIZATION Test tube babies • Procedure • female injected with hormones to cause ovulation of many eggs • Male donates sperm • Egg and sperm are mixed in a dish in a lab to create embryos • Embryo implanted in surrogate mother

  14. Test Tube Babies • In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Embryo Transfer (ET) • 20% success rate

  15. Can be used for : • Infertile couples • Experimentation • Increase the population of endangered species • QUESTION? What do we do with the left over human embryos?

  16. V. Surrogate Motherhood

  17. Make it exciting

  18. Twins: Identical vs. Fraternal • Diagram in your notes.

  19. Identical

  20. Fraternal

  21. Ethics: Theory of right and wrong. Defines what is good for the individual and society • Morals: Practicing right and wrong

  22. Questions from Article • 1. What is the danger of being able to create embryos? • 2. Advantage / Disadvantage of IVF and ET? • 3. What is an ethical question raised w/ frozen embryos? • 4. What was the problem raised w/ the death of the American who died and left 2 frozen embryos?

  23. VI Genetic Engineering and Moving Genes • -Human Genome Project (video) HGP READ pg. 236 • -(HGP)sequence all the base pairs in the human genome (2-3 billion pairs) • (100,000 genes) • -genome -all the possible bases in a species or individual

  24. gene- DNA sequence that codes for a protein. The protein may lead to a visible trait (I.e. eye color, hair texture, blood type etc) • Genetic Disease- disease caused by a defective or mutant gene. Considered hereditary, if it can be passed on to the next generation (i.e. Huntingtons, Sickle Cell are major examples)

  25. MOVING GENES (the basics) • Recombinant DNA involves 4 steps • Procedure • 1. DNA is cut and desired gene is removed • 2. gene is attached to a vector for delivery into another cell • 3. cloning - multiple copies of the gene are made by allowing the host cell to multiply • 4. screening- cells with the new gene are sorted from the multitude produced

  26. BT Corn Insulin from bacteria Artificial insemination or embryo transfer

  27. How is the DNA cut? • Restriction enzymes- recognize a specific DNA sequence and cuts it at every location

  28. How is the DNA delivered? Viruses, yeast or plasmid can be used. • A plasmid is a loop of DNA that are independent of the main DNA of a bacteria cell. • The same restriction enzyme is used to open the plasmid. • Nucleotide pairs on the end of the gene and plasmid join in a complimentary fashion. • The gene is now part of the host’s DNA

  29. How is the DNA separated? • electrophoresis

  30. KIDS, CARS AND $$$$$

  31. VIII Moral and Ethical issues • WHY IS THIS BEING DONE? • HOW IS THIS BEING DONE? • WHO OR WHAT CAN IT BE DONE TO?

  32. Cloning Around (reproductive cloning) • All SOMATIC CELLS (body cells) contain DNA blueprint for the individual organism • Any cell can behave like a ZYGOTE to produce an entire individual

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