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Energy Transformations : Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Energy Transformations : Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration. ATP & ADP. ATP : Adenosine Tri phosphate adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates Energy storing molecule, only stores “ E” for a few minutes Source of all cell energy When 1 phosphate group breaks off  “E” is released!!!.

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Energy Transformations : Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

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  1. Energy Transformations: Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

  2. ATP & ADP • ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate • adenine + ribose + 3 phosphates • Energy storing molecule, • only stores “E” for a few minutes • Source of all cell energy • When 1 phosphate group breaks off • “E” is released!!! Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

  3. ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate • Adenine + ribose + 2 phosphates • Molecule that results from ATP losing 1 “P” • Another “P” may be added later ADP ATP Energy Energy Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

  4. You get energy from the food you eat. Where does the energy in foodcome from? Almost all of the energy in living systems needed for metabolism = SUN. Figure 1 below shows how energy flows through living systems. 1. PLANT CONVERTS LIGHT “E” TO CHEMICAL “E” 2. ELK GETS “E” BY EATING PLANTS 3. LION GETS “E” FROM EATING ELK How much energy is passed on between trophic levels?

  5. Overview Photosynthesis • Photosynthesis:Process using “E” from sunlight to convert water and CO2oxygen and carbohydrates (sugar; glucose) Two parts: • Light dependent reactions: • produce O2 & converts ADP to ATP • Calvin cycle(dark reactions): • use ATP from light reactions to produce sugars Light Energy Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2

  6. The Stages of Photosynthesis • Stage 1Energy is captured from sunlight. • Stage 2Light energy is converted to chemical energy, • Temporarily stored in ATP and the “E” carrier molecule NADPH. • Stage 3The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers theformation of organic compounds, GLUCOSE! • Using carbon dioxide! • Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplastsof plant cells and algaeand in the cell membrane of certain prokaryotes.

  7. What are the substances used and produced during each stage of photosynthesis?

  8. Why Do Plants Look Green? • Many peoplethink that plants are greenbecause plantsuse greenlight during photosynthesis. • Infact, plants do NOTuse green light • Instead red and blue light are used. • Plants look greenbecause theycontain chlorophyll: • reflectsgreenand yellow light • absorbsblue and red light.

  9. Sugars FORMULA for PHOTOSYNTHESIS: 6CO2 + 6H2O --- C6H12O6 + 6O2 Chloroplast Chloroplast Calvin Cycle Light- Dependent Reactions

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTglday5zak&list=PL1E591143AD487F24http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTglday5zak&list=PL1E591143AD487F24

  11. Cellular Respiration • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eo5XndJaz-Y • Respiration: process that releases energy by breaking down food when oxygen is present Formula: C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

  12. Fermentation: respiration without oxygen present • Two types: Alcoholic Fermentation: • form ethyl alcohol and CO2 as waste products; used to make bread rise Lactic acid Fermentation: • produces lactic acid in muscles when exercising without enough oxygen

  13. The Stages of Cellular Respiration Stage 1Stage 1 Glucose is broken down into pyruvate in a process known as GLYCOLYSIS! - 2 ATP are produced! Stage 2Pyruvate is used to create NADH and FADH2 (both are energy carrier molecules) in a process known as the KREBS CYCLE! - NO ATP is produced in the Kreb’s Cycle! Stage 3The chemical energy stored in NADH and FADH2 powers the formation of ATP in a process known as the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN! - 36 molecules of ATP are produced! 38Total ATP are produced per glucose molecule during cellular respiration!!!

  14. GLYCOLYSIS • What are the substances used and produced during each stage of cellular respiration?

  15. How Does Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Relate? • Almost opposite processes • Photosynthesis produces food (store) • Respiration breaks down food (releases) • Photosynthesis uses CO2and releases O2 • Respiration releases CO2and uses O2

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4&feature=youtu.be

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