The Cold War Continues: Korea, Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy, & the Cuban Missile Crisis

1. The Cold War Continues: Korea, Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy, & the Cuban Missile Crisis US History: Spiconardi

2. War in Korea • The 38th Parallel • After World War II Korea was divided into North & South Korea due to Japanese invasion • North Korea – Communist & Industrialized • South Korea – Non-communist rural

3. War in Korea • Standoff at the 38th Parallel • In 1950 North Korea attacks South Korea • Within days, North Korea was deep into South Korean territory. • USA sees this as act of aggression • South Korea goes to United Nations • UN Security council votes to help South Korea • US, Britain, Canada and 12 other nations join to stop invasion • North Korea supported by China and U.S.S.R.

4. War in Korea: The See-Saw War

5. War in Korea: The See-Saw War

6. Truman vs. MacArthur • Truman appointed WII Pacific front hero Gen. McArthur commander in Korea • Disagree over military strategies & objectives • McArthur publicly criticizes Truman • Truman fires McArthur

8. War in Korea • Aftermath and Legacy • First time UN gets involved in international crisis • US would not only use economic aid in policy of containment, but take military action to contain communism • North Korea • Communist dictatorship under Kim Il Sung and then his son Kim Jong Il • Development of nuclear weapons

9. Eisenhower’s Policies • Massive Retaliation • Eisenhower worried spending too much on the military would bankrupt the government, but didn’t want to look weak to the Soviets • Decides to focus military spending on nuclear weapons • Massive Retaliation US would use nuclear weapons to stop aggression of USSR & China • Eisenhower: “simply means the ability to blow the hell out of them in a hurry if they start anything.” • Deterrence  belief massive retaliation would deter USSR from hostile behavior

10. Eisenhower’s Policies • Brinkmanship US would not back down from any threat even if it meant going to the brink of war • Domino Theory  small weak nations neighboring communist countries would fall to communism like a row of dominoes • SEATO  Treaty among USA, Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, & Philippines to protect against communist aggression

11. Eisenhower's Policies: Middle East • Iran • Prime minister of Iran moves to nationalize oil industry • US, via the CIA, overthrows prime minister and restores the shah to secure America’s oil supply • The Eisenhower Doctrine US pledged to help any Middle Eastern nation resisting communist aggression • In 1958 Lebanon and Jordan ask for help; both US and GB send troops to restore order

12. Sputnik • In 1957, Soviets launch a satellite into space, Sputnik, and fire the first intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) • US enters the “space race” • US rushed to get their own satellites into space and developed the NASA program

13. Military-Industrial Complex • Upon reflecting about leaving office, Eisenhower issued a warning to America • “This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience…[the influence of the military-industrial complex could threaten the nation’s] democratic process.”

14. Kennedy & Latin America • JFK proposed sending $20 billion in aid to Latin America • Problem is the money went to anti-communist repressive governments • Bay of Pigs Invasion • CIA trains Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & overthrow Fidel Castro • INVASION FAILED • Embarrassed JFK and US • Castro knew of invasion

15. Cuban Missile Crisis • USSR places ICBM in Cuba pointed towards US • US finds out and Kennedy issues naval blockade of Cuba • Blockade  prevent supplies from getting to an opposing force • Despite having missiles in Turkey pointed at Moscow, JFK demands Khrushchev remove missiles from Cuba • At the deadline Khrushchev agrees as long as US leaves Cuba alone & takes down missiles in Turkey

16. Cuban Missile Crisis