ISCO-88 and CNO-94

1. Spanish experience of using ISCO 88ESeC/ISCO Meeting, 15 September, LisbonJosé Manuel Reyes AndrésNomenclatures Unit. Department of Methodology

2. CNO‑94 is based on ISCO‑88(COM) therefore differ from ISCO‑88 as follows: Distinction between “Corporate managers” and “General managers”. Public administrations. New headings in Major Groups 2 and 4. “Subsistence agricultural and fishery workers”, dropped. ISCO-88 and CNO-94

3. Also CNO-94 differs from ISCO-88 in: Major Group 2. Under ISCO‑88, diploma‑holders and licenciatura‑holders are grouped. CNO-94 distinguish them. For various occupations in Major Groups 7 and 8, CNO‑94 distinguishes between supervisors and other workers, classifying them into unit groups within Sub‑Major Groups 70 and 80. ISCO-88 and CNO-94

4. New Sub-Major groups were created to have a structure more homogeneous. Also a new level were created. ISCO-88 and CNO-94

5. Denominations: Director and Gerente. Director: person who manages a business, corps part or special establishment. Director general: who has the superior management of a corps, department or business. Gerente: person who manages the deals and carry the sign of a company. Informal definitions: We define a “gerente” as an executive in a small enterprise or in part of a large business that can be treated as a small business. Managers

6. ISCO-88 translation: 12. Corporate Managers – Directores de empresa. 13. General Managers – Gerentes de empresa. CNO-94: Management (Dirección) of enterprise with 10 or more employees. Management (Gerencia) of enterprise with less than 10 employees. Management (Gerencia) of enterprise without employees. Managers

7. Comments about a satisfactory way to draw the boundary between small and large companies: The use of terms “Director” and ”Gerente” in the CNO-94 does not solve the problem because they have a similar meaning. Also, the term “gerente” is used with other meaning in some fields. The rise in service outsourcing invalidates the employee headcount criterion. Managers

8. We define supervisors as those who oversee the work of others. They can perform duties in common with those others. If they do not share tasks, they are classified to Major Group 2 or 3 (also in others) If they do, they are classified to the Major Group of the respective occupation practised. They constitute a distinct Unit Group when they are clearly recognisable. Examples: 70. Construction foremen. 80. Plant team‑leaders. Supervisors

9. Types of studies to obtain the first university degree: Licenciatura. Usually five years. Examples: Law, economy, medicine, history, mathematics, etc.. Diplomatura. Three years. Examples of occupation related: teachers, nurses, librarian, physiotherapist, optician. Under ISCED‑97, “Diplomatura” is classified to 5A. But the occupations relating to this education type are clearly different. Nurses and Teachers

10. Therefore, CNO‑94 laid down different unit groups for the occupations relating to three years university education, on the codes 26, 27, 28 and 29, (Group 2½ ). Exceptions. Physiotherapist, optician, chiropodist, speech therapist and occupational therapist. Which are classified to Major Group 3 under CNO‑94, as they are under ISCO‑88, to achieve better international comparability. Nurses and Teachers

11. Definition. Técnico: Person who has special knowledge of one science or art. Technicians and the CNO-94. Major Group 2. They have a surname. Técnico superior in ………. Técnico medio in ……….. (Group 2½ ). Major Group 3. The most of them are here. Usually is the name of a degree in vocational education. Major Group 4, 5, 6, 7 y 8. Some of them have the name of a degree in vocational education. Others have the popular name of the profession. Technicians

12. Comments: Using the same name that a degree is problematic (confusion between the studies and the occupation). The INEM(Employment National Institute), tried to replace the denominations with terms ambiguous as “técnico”. But it is very difficult because they are very established. Technicians