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“IMPROVED URBAN GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING TECHNOLOGY”

“IMPROVED URBAN GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING TECHNOLOGY”. PANEL DISCUSSION, WUF, Rio March 2010. Contents. Context Case 1: Urban Poverty Mapping Case 2: Community Mapping Ga Mashie Avenor Case 3: Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey Other pilot applications

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“IMPROVED URBAN GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING TECHNOLOGY”

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  1. “IMPROVED URBAN GOVERNANCE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT USING TECHNOLOGY” PANEL DISCUSSION, WUF, Rio March 2010

  2. Contents • Context • Case 1: Urban Poverty Mapping • Case 2: Community Mapping • Ga Mashie • Avenor • Case 3: Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey • Other pilot applications • District Metered Area • E-Governance • Lessons

  3. Context Urban and Slum Growth Rates Proportions in Africa, 2001

  4. Context • Ghanaian main data Constitutional Democracy since 1992 Area 239,000 km2 Population 23 million Urban population 6.7 Million Population Living Below Poverty Line 5.6 Million % of urban population below poverty line 33.3 GDP per capita 300 Capital City Accra Regions 10 Metropolitan Assemblies (pop > 250,000) 5 Municipal Assemblies (pop 95,000) 32 District Assemblies (pop < 75,000) 101 Number of Local Government (Assemblies) 138 Source: Government data, 2000

  5. Context Ghanaian urban poverty data Source: Making Cities Work; USAID, August 2002 and Pop. And Housing Census, GSS, 2000

  6. Context ACCRA Pop: 2.5m (2007 Est.) Size: 185 sq km Major Settlements: 74 Sub-Metro Districts: 11

  7. Growth of Urbanisation in Accra Context

  8. Context Ghanaian urban poverty data • Water: Most slum residents spend more time and 3 to 10 times more money to access water in their community • Toilet Facilities: Over 90% of slum residents do not meet the international standard for access to an improved sanitation facility • Waste Management: 60% of the solid waste are collected • No sewerage system for all city More than one million of urban dwellers without water supply Around three millions of urban dwellers without access to sanitation

  9. Context • Public Health concerns • Malaria: standing water for mosquito breeding • Ghana had an estimated 7.2 million cases in 2006 • Diarrhea: areas that attract flies and spread disease • Typhoid Fever: unprotected fecal matter • Cholera: unprotected fecal matter • In Accra, there were 102 reported cases between Jan. 11-17, 2009

  10. AVENOR Pop: 9,214 No. of houses: 447 Tenureship: Family/ clan NIMA AYIDIKI Pop: 88,640 No. of houses: 2,429 Tenureship: Stool/family Pop: 58,940 No. of houses: 1,738 Tenureship: Stool Case 1 Pop: 23,900 No. of houses: 1,252 Tenureship: Stool/ Family/Clan SABON ZONGO AGBOGBLOSHIE Pop: 9,214 No. of houses: 1,583 Tenureship: Stool/ Private Case 2&3 GA MASHIE Pop: 46,699 No. of houses: 1716 Tenureship: Family/ Clan/Stool/Private ACCRA LEARNING SITE

  11. Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Background • Centrally planned state from independence (1957) • Decentralisation and bottom-up approach to governance initiated in the 80’s and still in process: • Local Government Act, 1993 (Act 462) • National Development Planning (Systems) ,1994 (Act 480) • Local Government Service Act, 2003 (Act 655) • Previous attempts at measuring and defining urban poverty done using the old top-down economic focused approach (income) • Shift and emphasis on a participatory bottom-up multi-sector measurement of poverty backed by technology

  12. Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Process (December 2008 – May 2009) • Task force formation • Economic Development & Urban Planners • GIS Experts and • Statisticians • Task force defined and agreed on • measurement of poverty at community level • indicators to use • Planning and Statistics Offices of the AMA - Data collection, disaggregation and analysis • Urban Management and Land Information System (UMLIS) – Digitizing existing hardcopy maps and geo-referencing them • Production of thematic, composite and aggregate maps • Periodic updates of maps by the Task force

  13. Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Informing decision-making at the municipal and local levels City wide composite and aggregate poverty map Production of thematic poverty maps Linking of data to spatial units using GIS Participatory community level data collection across all themes of urban poverty Disaggregating data into themes expressing the dimensions of urban poverty • Housing Density • Room occupancy • Population Density • Solid Waste Disposal Method/Facilities • Liquid Waste Disposal • Access to Toilets • Income Levels • Water Supply Task force formation and decision on indicators and spatial level of measurement

  14. Case 1 Urban Poverty Mapping Some Outcomes • Inclusive planning • Targeted pro-poor intervention • More responsive and coordinated interventions • Peer to Peer Learning – replication in STMA • Infusion of technology into local level planning

  15. Case 2Community Mapping in Ga Mashie Profile of Ga Mashie

  16. Case 2Community Mapping in Ga Mashie GACEED/GAMADA/OACADA advocacy to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term Plan Community validation and Interface with AMA Application of GIS by CHF experts • FGDs by residents and CHF Technical staff to identify key features • community facilities • physical layout • environmental conditions Further specialized studies. Example Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey .

  17. Case 2Community Mapping in Avenor Profile of Avenor

  18. Case 2Community Mapping in Avenor Advocacy by CHF/NIMCOSS/Avenor Residents to integrate pro-poor projects into AMA Medium Term Plan Community validation and Interface with AMA Application of GIS by CHF Experts • Community Transect Walks and FGDs to identify key features and discuss • community facilities • physical layout • environmental conditions Further specialized studies into Housing, Sanitation etc.

  19. Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey Stakeholder engagement to mobilize funds for redevelopment Presentation and discussion of results Data processing, analysis Data collection, using maps and interview guides Zonal meetings for Landlords, Family Heads & HM Community Forum with Housing the Masses (HM) Active residents engagement Residents petition to GAMADA for settlement upgrading and general improvement Introduction of technology

  20. Case 3Ga Mashie Low Income Housing Survey • On going coding, entering and analyzing the data collected

  21. Other pilot applications of technology to promote good urban governance; bottom-up approach. • District Metered Area • E-Governance

  22. District Metered Area Existing Conditions • Unknown conditions of existing main pipelines • Unknown number of connections • Passive monitoring of water distribution system • 50% of water pumped is unaccounted for. • Illegal connections are common and not often detected. • Expansion of the city into the peripheries ahead of urban services extension

  23. District Metered Area • Only a quarter of Accra residents have continuous supply

  24. District Metered Area Extract of a GWCL Customer Directory

  25. District Metered Area Objectives • Eliminating (inefficient) human element in billing • Reducing unexplained water loss during distribution • Easy Identification of areas with problematic water supply • Monitoring water supply by service providers Actors Ghana Water Company Ltd. Aqua Vitens Rand Ltd. Public Utilities Regulatory Commission Water flow DM1 DM2 Revenue flow Water Bills Paid within Area = Volume of Flow between District Meters (DM1, DM2)

  26. E-Governance • CHF twice organized the Urban Forum to build partnerships at the Institute of Local Government Studies, with participants from • AMA, STMA and other District Assemblies • Professional Learning Institutions - ILGS, KNUST • Government Ministries, Departments & Agencies • Private actors • Local NGOs and • Civil Society Organizations • A policy brief has been prepared and circulated to participants and stakeholders. • Participants prioritized the Urban Platform as a means to influence urban policy decisions and governance http://groups.google.co.uk/group/the-urban-platform-GH?hl=en?hl=en-GB

  27. LessonsUrban Poverty Mapping OUTCOMES Prioritized domains Prioritized geographical zones Influence on urban planning and projects design OUTPUTS Thematic poverty maps Urban poverty definition URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

  28. Lessons Community Mapping • General Information and Maps • Income • Housing Typologies • Public Facility • Refuse dumps • Public toilets • Electricity poles, pylons, sub-stations • GWCL lines • Specific Uses • Flood Intervention proposals • Housing improvements • Community Facilities Participatory implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation Local and Municipal level Action Amplifying the voice of the urban poor Concrete basis for engagement with Municipal Authorities Consolidation of data by use of technology (GIS) • Community mapping for interventions • Participatory data collection • Discussing solution to undesirable living conditions Community mobilization and consensus building Capacity building at all level and across sectors

  29. Bottom-Up In In Interface between Local Authorities and Slum Dwellers Multi Stakeholders Contracts Urban Poverty Mapping Changed Power Dynamics Improved living conditions C i t i z e n E n g a g e m e n t Active Engagement of Municipal Authorities to integrate citizens aspirations into plans and budgets Community Mapping Good Urban Governance Improved urban services Improved shelters Improved incomes C o – P r o d u c i n g t h e C i t y Inclusive Planning Participatory Budgeting Specific Participatory Surveys INFORMATION PARTICIPATION&PARTNERSHIP PRO-POOR INTERVENTION

  30. Scaling-up SCALING-UP, a bottom-up approach to real sustainabledevelopment-oriented urban governance backed by appropriate technology.

  31. THANK YOU

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