1 / 44

进化论和圣经中神的创造 Evolution and Biblical Creation

进化论和圣经中神的创造 Evolution and Biblical Creation. Fish Salamander Turtle Chicken Pig Cow Rabbit Human. (by Ernst Haeckel, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Plates 4 & 5 from 18917d.25). 胚胎重演论 ( Ontogeny recaptulates phylogeny). The Hourglass

nibaw
Download Presentation

进化论和圣经中神的创造 Evolution and Biblical Creation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 进化论和圣经中神的创造Evolution and Biblical Creation

  2. Fish Salamander Turtle Chicken Pig Cow Rabbit Human (by Ernst Haeckel, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Plates 4 & 5 from 18917d.25)

  3. 胚胎重演论 (Ontogeny recaptulates phylogeny) The Hourglass Model 日晷模型 Developmental stage (发育时期) Morphological divergence during evolution (进化过程中形态上的差异 )

  4. “Contrary to recent claims that all vertebrate embryos pass through a stage when they are the same size, we find a greater than 10-fold variation in greatest length at the tailbud stage. Our survey seriously undermines the credibility of Haeckel’s drawings, which depicts not a conserved stage for vertebrates, but a stylised amniote embryo. ”

  5. a. 海洋七腮鳗b. 电鳐c. 小体鲟 Pectromyzon marinus Torpedo ocellata Acipenser ruthenus d. 多米尼加树蛙e. 欧洲鳖f. 鸡 Eleutherodactylus coqui Emys orbicularis Gallus gallus g. 袋鼠h. 家猫 Trichosurus vulpecula Felis catus

  6. 脊柱 内脏 腿 臂 Haeckel的人胚胎 人的胚胎

  7. “ The present generation cannot imagine the role he played in his time, far beyond his actual scientific performance … Haeckel’s easy hand at drawing made him improve on nature and put more into the illustrations than he saw … one had the impression that he first made a sketch from nature and then drew an ideal picture as he saw it in his mind.” R.B. Goldschmidt, The Golden Age of Zoology

  8. 一百万年前 二、三千万年前 长颈鹿颈部的进化

  9. 用 进 废 退 • The Principle of • Use and Disuse • 反面证据 • Giraffes generally feed from low shrubs during the dry season. • Disproportional change of other parts of the body • Disadvantages of a long neck Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck  (1744 - 1829)

  10. 达尔文和物种起源 Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) 1854年, 45岁 Nov. 22, 1859 “The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: Or, the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life” 1880年, 71岁

  11. Columbia H.M.S. Beagle, 1835 Ecuador Brazil Peru Bolivia Chile Galapagos Islands

  12. 达尔文的自然进化论(Naturalistic Evolution) 达尔文的观察 1. Galapagos群岛鸟类(Darwin’s Finch)受环境影响产生的变异 2. 人工育种 达尔文的理论：渐进论 (Gradualism) 变异/突变 人 宇宙形成 (100－200亿年前) 地球形成 (45亿年前) 单细胞 生命 自然选择 (物竞天择，优胜劣汰)

  13. 分 子 进 化 Evolution and Human Behavior Official Journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society

  14. 飞蛾工业黑化现象 (Industrial melanism of the pepper moth, Biston betularia) 自然进化论其他证据 • 细菌对抗生素的耐药性和昆虫对杀虫药的抗药性。 • 鸟的体格和在暴风中的生存能力 • 食物结构的改变和鸟类的生存能力及嘴部形状的变化 • 非洲镰状细胞性贫血的等位基因和抗疟疾的特性 • 小鼠雄性不育的基因短期泛滥，造成全体灭亡。 • 飞蛾工业黑化现象 • Revised from Douglas Futuyma, “Science on Trial: The Case for Evolution”, 1983

  15. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) f. typica f. carbonaria Wales农村 Liverpool

  16. 污染区 (Rubery near Birmingham) 非污染区 (Deanend near Dorset) 飞蛾 放飞数 重新俘获数 飞蛾 放飞数 重新俘获数 黑 447 123(27.5%) 黑 406 19(4.68%) 白 137 18(13.0%) 白 393 54(13.74%) Kettlewell H.B.D. Heredity 1955;9:323-342. Kettlewell H.B.D. Heredity 1956;10:287-301. 鸟类对飞蛾的捕食 森林 黑 白 污染区 15 43 非污染区 164 26 Kettlewell H.B.D. Ann Rev. Entomol 1961;6:245-262. Conclusion Industrial melanism is due to cryptic coloration and selective predation.

  17. Liverpool西部 Wirral半岛上飞蛾的变化和环境污染的关系 年代 污染 状况 飞蛾 1959年 重 1984 轻 1996年 微 ~1850年 无 1 0 1 100% 7% 61% 91.5% 93% 39% 8.5%

  18. 非 污 染 区 污 染 区

  19. 为什么Manchester周围白色飞蛾不灭绝？ b. 为什么East Anglia农村黑色飞蛾占80% ？ SCOTLAND c. 为什么环境改善后，London（北纬52度）以北黑色飞蛾减少，但以南黑色飞蛾却增加？ IRELAND Manchester Wirral半岛 East Anglia d. 为什么 Wirral 半岛树干上的苔藓还没有恢复，白色飞蛾就已经增加？ NETHERLANDS ENGLAND WALES London BELGIUM e. 为什么荷兰在黑色飞蛾减少，白色飞蛾增加的同时，出现一种灰色飞蛾？ FRANCE

  20. “We contend, however, that there is little persuasive evidence, in the form of rigorous and replicated observations and experiments, to support this explanation at the present time. We suggest that more attention be directed to assessing ways in which typical and melanic morphs differ, other than in adult coloration, and to devising and testing alternative hypotheses.” Sargent TD, Millar CD and Lambert DM (1998) The “classical” explanation of industrial melanism: assessing the evidence. Evolutionary Biology 30:299-322.  树荫下的小树枝  树干

  21. 人 动物界 Animalia 脊索动物门 Chordata 哺乳动物纲 Mammalia 原长目 Primates 人科 Hominidae 人属 Homo 人种 Homo sapiens 界 Kingdom 门 Phylum 纲 Class 目 Order 科 Family 属 Genus 种 Species Carl von Linné or Carolus Linnaeus, 1707-1778

  22. 达尔文的主要错误 观察 Observation 归纳 Deduction 演绎Induction 求证Verification 科学规律 Scientific Law 现象 Evidence Galapagos群岛鸟类受环境影响产生的变异 人工育种 广进化论 (macroevolution) 微进化论 (microevolution)

  23. 科学规律的条件限制 Y ---------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------- Y = a * X + b 蛋白质浓度 假设 事实 X 光吸附值

  24. 自然进化论的主要问题 • 突变的速度: 微突变 / 系统大突变 • 化石的难题 • （1）物种演化的规律 • 理论模式:大量中间型 • 事实：化石的大量缺环(Missing Link) • （2）物种生灭的规律 • 理论模式: 少多少 • 事实：生物种表现停滞不变、突然同时出现、突然消灭 • （1995年7月19日人民日报海外版“云南省澄江县帽天山的寒武纪化石爆炸”）

  25. Colin Patterson Senior Paleontologist, British Natural History Museum Can you tell me anything you know about evolution, any one thing… that is true? I tried that question on the geology staff at the Field Museum of Natural History and the only answer I got was silence. I tried it on the members of the Evolutionary Morphology seminar in the University of Chicago, a very prestigious body of evolutionists, and all I got there was silence for a long time and eventually one person said “I do know one thing – it ought not to be taught in high school.” — Lecture given at the American Museum of Natural History, 1981

  26. “在一个群体中， 生产后代最多的生物个体， 必定留下最多的子孙” 自然进化论是同义反复（Tautology） 命题一 “在一个群体中， 最能适应的个体， 必定留下最多的子孙” 命题二 “生产后代最多的生物最能适应”

  27. 自然进化论是自然主义科学哲学的产物 “It (creationism) fails to display the most basic characteristic of science: reliance upon naturalistic explanations. Instead, proponents of ‘creationism’ hold that the creation of the universe, the earth, living things, and man was accomplished through supernatural means inaccessible to human understanding.” “Science and Creationism: A View from the National Academy of Sciences”, 1984 “What is your alternative?” Thomas H. Huxley, Darwin’s Bulldog Science pursues Truth without God

  28. 自然进化论是形而上学 “Darwin made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist.” “It is absolutely safe to say that, if you meet somebody who claims not to believe in evolution, that person is ignorant, stupid or insane (or wicked, but I’d rather not consider that).” — Richard Dawkins, Oxford Zoologist, “The Blind Watchmaker”, 1986

  29. 达尔文进化论为何受欢迎？ 1、19-20世纪自然科学和人文科学的发展，是对黑暗中世纪天主教宗教思想禁锢的一个反弹 2、适合当时社会的需要(英国的帝国主义政治哲学/马尔萨斯的人口论/社会达尔文主义) 达尔文的著作非常重要，它从自然科学的角度支持了人类历史上的阶级斗争，完全符合我的观点。 马克斯 十九世纪三大科学发现之一……优越的无产阶级将赢得这场生存斗争。 恩格斯 3、自然进化论是“科学”

  30. William Provine Cornell University, Professor, Historian of Science. • Modern science directly implies that there are no inherent moral or ethical laws, no absolute guiding principles for human society. • Human beings are marvelously complex machines. The individual human becomes an ethical person by means of two primary mechanisms: heredity and environmental influences. That is all there is. • We must conclude that when we die, we die, and that is the end of us. • Free will as it is traditionally conceived – the freedom to make uncoerced and unpredictable choices among alternative possible courses of action – simply does not exist…. There is no way that the evolutionary process as currently conceived can produce a being that is fully free to make choices.”

  31. 到底有没有神 ?

  32. 自从创造世界以来，神那看不见永远的大能， 和神性的特征，是人所洞见的， 乃是藉着受造之物，给人晓得，叫人无可推诿。 --新约圣经罗马书一章二十节

  33. 第 六 天 第 一 天 第 二 天 第 五 天 第 三 天 第 四 天 第五天 起初神创造天地 旧约圣经创世记一章一节

  34. 耶 和 华 神 用 地 上 的 尘 土 造 人 ， 他 就 成 了 有 灵 的 活 魂 。 将 生 气 吹 在 他 鼻 孔 里 ， 创 世 纪 二 章 七 节

  35. 人 灵 魂体 神 神造万物， 各按其时成为美好； 又将永远安置在世人心里。 然而神从始至终的作为， 人不能参透。 传道书三章十一节 灵 魂 体 人

  36. 神说： 我们要照着我们的形象， 按着我们的样式造人， 使他们管理海里的鱼、 空中的鸟、地上的牲畜和全地， 并地上一切的爬虫。 创世纪一章二十六节

  37. 祂从一本造出万族的人，住在全地面上，并且预先定准他们的时期和居住的疆界，要叫他们寻求神，或者可以揣摩而得，其实祂离我们并不远；因我们生活、行动、存留都在乎祂，就如你们中间有些做诗的说，原来我们也是祂的族类。祂从一本造出万族的人，住在全地面上，并且预先定准他们的时期和居住的疆界，要叫他们寻求神，或者可以揣摩而得，其实祂离我们并不远；因我们生活、行动、存留都在乎祂，就如你们中间有些做诗的说，原来我们也是祂的族类。 使徒行传十七章二十六至二十八节

  38. 从此，人离开了神，人类的历史开始了……

  39. 神爱世人， 甚至将祂的独生子赐给他们， 叫一切信入祂的，不至灭亡， 反得永远的生命。 约翰福音三章十六节

More Related