WAYS MOLECULES MOVE Chapter 7-3

1. WAYS MOLECULES MOVEChapter 7-3 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

2. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

3. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______” FROM A LOT to NOT

4. DIFFUSION across a space DIFFERENCE Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ Concentration gradient

5. DIFFUSION across a SPACE DOWN from Higher to Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration • EXAMPLES Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

6. DIFFUSION across a space equal everywhere Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

7. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

8. across Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too membrane …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ pass through

9. CELL EXAMPLE: (Do Not Write!) DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically movesfrom where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

10. Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf PROBLEM for Cells?Cell membranes areSELECTIVELY PERMEABLE See a movie

11. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ moleculesthat can’t getthrough themembrane? LARGE POLAR http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

12. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAY HELP can’t go themselves

13. Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion

14. DIFFUSION across a membrane DIFFERENCE concentration Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other See diffusionanimation http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/passiveanim.html

15. http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gifhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gif DIFFUSION PASSIVE • No energy required = _______ • Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________ • Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane • Example of molecules that move this way in cells: ________ & ____________ DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

16. FACILITATED DIFFUSIONuses _______________ to help molecules across2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________ membrane proteins Carriers Channels Animations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

17. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called ___________IMPORTANT VOCAB!!! OSMOSIS http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.html

18. ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION PASSIVE • No energy required = _____________ • Moves ________ concentration gradient from ________________________ • Needs a facilitator to make it happen • ___________________ help molecules get across membrane DOWN HIGHER to LOWER Membrane proteins

19. Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE • PUMPS • Vesicles Active Transport is when energy is required to transport.

20. See a video clip about Na+-K+ pump -7D

21. PUMP ACTIVE ATP low • ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ • Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules • Example: nerve cellsNa+is pumped out of cells at same time K +is taken into cells high membrane proteins pumps

22. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES VESICLES ___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________ ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htm

23. See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E

24. ENDOCYTOSISSubstances taken into cell ACTIVE energy • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: • one celled organisms eat this way • white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way VESICLES low high

25. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Protist eating another http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

26. WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA(Phagocytosis) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpg

27. EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell ACTIVE energy • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ • Examples in cells: • _________ release packaged proteins this way VESICLES low high GOLGI

28. Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

29. Transport Check for Understanding • Transport that requires energy is called? • Transport that does not require energy is called? • One example of transport that does not required energy. • One example of transport that does require energy • Which direction do molecules move in diffusion? High to Low or Low to High?

30. VOCAB SOLUTE _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved SOLVENT http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

31. Images by Riedell CONCENTRATION __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution MORE The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration GREATER

32. Use new vocab to make Koolaid Koolaid powder sugar Solutes = ______________& __________ Solvent = ____________ Koolaid drink = ______________ Water solution http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

33. Tonicity • The Cell’s Goal: Equal amounts of water and particles inside and outside cell • Hypertonic Solution (Salty): water leaves cell, so cell shrivels up and gets smaller • Hypotonic Solution (More Water, Less Salt): water enters cell, so cell swells up • Isotonic Solution (equallibrium): water goes in and out of cell in equal amounts so there’s no change

34. Solute concentration Greater outside than inside Lower outside than inside Equal outside and inside HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?

35. If cells can’t maintain “stable internal conditions” . . . damage can result and cells can die. http://www.the-aps.org/education/lot/cell/Quiz.htm

36. Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis3.swf OSMOSIS See an animationOsmosis3 HYPOTONIC:Concentration outside cell is ________________ inside the cellWater enters cell so cellwill ___________________ Choose Blood Hypotonic link Video LESS THAN swell and possibly burst

37. Animation from: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis4.swf OSMOSIS See an animation OSMOSIS 4 HYPERTONIC: Concentration outside cell is ____________________ inside cell Water leaves cell so cell ____________ GREATER THAN shrinks Choose Blood Hypertonic link Video

38. 3 step process to determine osmosis (flow of water) In or out? • Step 1: Draw cell (circle) inside solution (square) • Step 2: Calculate the amount of WATER inside and outside cell (100% -__ % of materials) and label % of water • Sometimes amount of water may be given (Ex: pure water = 100%) • Step 3: Draw arrow from higher number to lower number (into cell or outside cell)