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Internet Safety

Internet Safety. CSC 101 1.0 October 7, 2010. Internet Threats. Malware (viruses) Spyware Spam Hackers Cyber-criminals. Malware. Malicious Software. Types of Malware. Virus Worm Trojan Horse. Viruses.

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Internet Safety

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  1. Internet Safety CSC 101 1.0 October 7, 2010

  2. Internet Threats • Malware (viruses) • Spyware • Spam • Hackers • Cyber-criminals

  3. Malware Malicious Software

  4. Types of Malware • Virus • Worm • Trojan Horse

  5. Viruses • Virus: A program that attaches itself to another program and spreads itself to other computers • Viruses are hidden within the code of a host program • Replicate themselves • Slow down networks • Secondary objectives • Display annoying messages • Delete files on the hard drive • Change computer settings • Need human action to spread

  6. How Computers Catch a Virus • Viruses copy themselves and infect a file on your computer • Spread by • Sharing disks or flash drives • Opening an e-mail attachment • Downloading infected audio or video files

  7. Worms • Infect computer networks • Copy themselves over the network • Slow down network traffic • Do not need human action to spread

  8. Trojan Horse • Looks like something else • Screen saver • Game • Malicious code hidden inside • Cannot spread by itself • Commonly opens up a back door to your computer

  9. Spyware • Piggybacks on another program • May or may not be malicious • Records web sites visited • Key logger • Adware • Downloads or displays ads

  10. Spam • SPAM: Unwanted or junk e-mail • To avoid SPAM • Create free Web-based e-mail account for filling out online forms or making online purchases • Use a spam filter • Do not try to “unsubscribe” from spam e-mails • Use an e-mail forwarding service • SPIM: Unsolicited instant messages

  11. Hackers • Anyone who unlawfully accesses a computer system • Types of hackers • White hat • Black hat • Gray hat • Script kiddies • May work for computer criminals

  12. What Hackers Steal • Hackers try to steal data stored on hard drives: • Credit card numbers • Bank account numbers • Also can steal information through packet sniffing • Use information to commit identity theft

  13. Cyber Crime Criminal acts conducted by cybercriminals through the use of computers

  14. Types of Cyber Crimes • Fraud-related (58 percent of cybercrime) • Auction fraud • Identity theft • Credit and debit card fraud • Non-fraud-related • Computer intrusions • Unsolicited e-mail • Child pornography / child exploitation • Extortion

  15. Social Engineering • Uses social skills to generate human interaction to entice individuals to reveal sensitive information • Usually does not use a computer or face-to-face interaction • Pretexting • Kevin Mitnick

  16. Phishing & Pharming • Phishing • Uses e-mail to lure user to fake Web sites • Tricks user into revealing private data • Pharming • Malicious code changes Web browser’s ability to find Web addresses • Bogus web sites spoofing real sites

  17. Botnets • Zombie computers • Backdoor access • Tended by bot herders • May contain millions of computers • Used by criminal gangs for: • Spam • DOS & DDOS

  18. Computer Protection • Anti-virus program • Firewalls • Passwords • Back ups

  19. Anti-virus Programs • Programs designed to detect viruses • Scan files looking for virus signatures (unique code) • Provide options for deleting or fixing infected files • Inoculate files against further infection • Needs to be updated frequently • Good guys always one step behind • Rogue security software

  20. Good Passwords • Create a strong password • At least 14 characters, including numbers, symbols, and upper- and lowercase letters • Not a single word or a word from a dictionary • Not easily associated with you (birthday, name of pet, nickname) • Use different passwords for different sites • Do not tell anyone or write down password • Change password regularly (every month)

  21. Firewalls Software programs or hardware designed to close computers to invaders A software firewall is built into Windows Other software firewalls are available from vendors Network routers can contain a hardware firewall Firewalls are critical if you have an always-on broadband connection Test your computer’s vulnerability

  22. Data Back-up • Backup • A copy of a file that can be used to replace the original • Types of files to back up • Program • Data • Backup routine • Frequency • Changed files

  23. Data Back-up • Software programs for easy backup • Schedule automatic backups • Can back up files, folders, or entire drives • Back up to USB device, CD, or DVD • Entire system backup software • Takes an image of the entire system • Stores on a separate hard drive • In case of failure, a new drive is inserted

  24. Data Back-up • Store backups offsite • Online backups • Store backup files on Internet servers • Fees for the service • Hardware can be replaced, data cannot

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