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Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista. Characteristics. A. Eukaryotic cells (true nucleus - contains nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles). B. Most are single celled (unicellular). C. Live in wet environments oceans, ponds, swamps

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Kingdom Protista

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  1. Kingdom Protista

  2. Characteristics • A. Eukaryotic cells • (true nucleus - contains nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles). • B. Most are single celled • (unicellular). • C. Live in wet environments • oceans, ponds, swamps • Some live in wet soil, rotting logs, or watery tissues inside other organisms

  3. Characteristics • D. Have cilia or flagella at one time in the life cycle • E. All are aerobic • (need Oxygen) • F. Can reproduce sexually or asexually

  4. Major Protist Groups (Phyla) • 1. Protozoans (4 types) – • Animal-like protists; “first animals”. • 2. Algae (6 types) – • Plant-like protists; contain chlorophyll; capable of photosynthesis. • 3. Slime Molds (2 types) – • Fungus-like protists. • 4. Water Molds (1 types) – • Fungus-like protists.

  5. Protozoans • Classified by method of locomotion • Characteristics of Protozoans • Eukaryotic • Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Unicellular • Heterotrophic • Consumer

  6. ParthenogenicProtozoansCharacteristics • Size 2 - 100 micrometers • Parasitic protozoa are most facultative anaerobes; • Mostly heterotrophic, chemorganotrophs • Nutrients assimilated via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion • Digestion may be both extracellular and intracellular • Two life stages • Trophozoite active pathogenic vegetative stage • Cyst latent survival form • Sites of pathogenesis • Intestinal, Urogenital, Blood and Tissue

  7. Phylaof Protozoans Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans

  8. Protozoans: Amoebas • Phylum Sarcodina - pseudopodia. • Move by pseudopods - “false feet” • Ex. Amoeba • Captures food by phagocytosis • (surround and engulf with pseudopodia) • Reproduction by binary fission. • No cell walls • Trophozoite • Motile vegetative stage • Cyst • Latent survival stage • Entamoeba histolytic - causes amoebic dysentery (harmful to humans) vomiting, diarrhea, possible brain damage

  9. Amoebic Movement and Phagocytosis

  10. Protozoans: flagellates • Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates. • Move by flagella - “whip-like tail” • Absorb food directly through cell membrane • Ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness • Ex. Trichonympha - lives in digestive system of termites (mutualism - both organisms benefit)

  11. Trichomonasfoetus : cow disease

  12. Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD

  13. Protozoans: Ciliates • Phylum Ciliophora - ciliates • Free living • Move beating tiny hairs called cilia • Ex. Paramecium. - contains two nuclei. • 1. Micronucleus (small) - controls reproduction. • 2. Macronucleus (large) - directs metabolic functions.

  14. Protozoans: Ciliates • Parts of the Paramecium. • a. Oral groove - cilia sweep food into this area. • b. Mouth pore - food travels to mouth. • c. Gullet - stores food. • d. Food vacuole - digests food. • e. Contractile vacuole - regulates water balance. • Protection • tricocysts - bottle -shaped structures embedded in the cell membrane that discharge when a cell is damaged or shocked; barbed projections that can damage predators.

  15. Protozoans: Sporazoans • Phylum Sporozoa - sporazoans • Non-motile - cannot move • All are parasites • Move from one host to the next through spores • Ex. Plasmodium - causes Malaria.

  16. Malaria in red blood cells

  17. Pneumonia in aids patients

  18. Harmful Effects of Protists • Disease • Malaria, African-sleeping sickness, ameobic dysentary • Red- tides • Kills fish (protists make toxin) • Home destruction • Termites (protists in guts digest wood)

  19. Helpful Aspects of Protists • Oxygen to atmosphere • Green algae do photosynthesis • Food for humans • Seaweed • Food “smootheners” • Toothpaste, ice cream, etc… • Food source in oceans • Plankton are base of aquatic food chains

  20. The End

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