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Good to Know

Good to Know. Assorted grammar and writing conventions questions you were afraid to ask. From Painless Grammar by Rebecca Elliott, Ph.D. and A Pocket Style Manual by Diana Hacker. Parts of Speech. NOUNS PRONOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS. NOUNS AND VERBS.

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Good to Know

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  1. Good to Know Assorted grammar and writing conventions questions you were afraid to ask. From Painless Grammar by Rebecca Elliott, Ph.D. and A Pocket Style Manual by Diana Hacker

  2. Parts of Speech NOUNS PRONOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONS

  3. NOUNS AND VERBS Nouns name a person, place, thing, idea, or quality. (teacher, Josh, city, beauty, truth, horse, tree, Denver, boredom, ice cream) My father and my mother are busy. Could your mom or your dad drive us to the movie? Verbs show action or a state of being. (run, swim, jump, taste, fall, dream, be, appear, seem, feel) He likes her, but I like him more than she does. Listen closely to what I say and you’ll learn to write right.

  4. Now you write a sentence using all of these words: Test, sentence, learn, plenty, girls, Violet, swim, be, go, desk, without, cookies, speed, Computer, Josh, read

  5. In two columns, list all of the nouns, and all of the verbs Using your original sentence, replace all of the nouns with pronouns. (I, me, we, us, you, they, he, she, it, they, him, her)

  6. And now . . . . Add at least 3 adjectives and 3 adverbs to your sentence Use a caret

  7. PRONOUNS Please say the name of the person on the other end of this telephone. Who are you? What is your name? The person named Katie sitting in that chair likes the person named Sue sitting in that chair. She likes her.

  8. What is an antecedent? A pronoun takes the place of a noun. The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun takes the place of or stands for. Tucker gave his sister her doll. His is a pronoun. Who does it stand for? It stands for Tucker, so the antecedent of his is Tucker. The word her is also a pronoun and it stands for sister. The antecedent of her is sister.

  9. The ubiquitous you Ubiquitous means “It’s everywhere! It’s everywhere!” YOU is one of the most overused words in our language. In formal writing, be careful. When using the word YOU, the writer should really mean “you, the reader,” not someone, anyone, or everyone.

  10. Verb Tenses PRESENT TENSE I ace tests sometimes, but not often enough. Past tense I aced the test yesterday.

  11. Present tense • I eat pizza often • Past tense • I ate pizza last night • Future tense • I will eat pizza later today. • Present perfect tense • I have eaten pizza many times. • Past perfect tense • I had eaten pizza just before you arrived. • Future perfect tense • I will have eaten pizza at least a million times by the year 2014. TENSES There are 6 to choose from

  12. Be consistent with tenses I got home late and mom fusses at me for not calling to let her know where I will be. (find past tense, present tense, and future tense) Rewrite this sentence using all past tense.

  13. Passive and Active Voice PASSIVE ACTIVE Passive voice is usually blah. The ball was hit. (By whom? The passive voice hides the doer of the action.) My nose was punched by you. Active voice is more straightforward. Joe hit the ball. You punched me in the nose!

  14. Tina wore a red dress. • A red dress was worn by Tina. • Mr. and Mrs. Anderson owed the firm $40, but it was not paid by them. • The ball was caught by John. • Mistakes were made. • Ms. McCaffrey made a mistake. • His grandmother gave him a gift of money, and a few days later he was given a bicycle. Active or Passive?

  15. What is Parallel Structure? Parallel Structure: similar grammatical construction in a sentence. The car ran well on level roads, but it sputtered going upgrade. A shift in voice can result in a lack of parallel structure: A person can work hard all day picking tomatoes, but very little money is earned.

  16. Correct or Incorrect? Many companies are reducing their labor force as well as eliminate some employee benefits. Job opportunities are increasing in the health fields, but decreasing in many areas of finance. Isaiah wondered whether to tell his girlfriend t hat he forgot or if he should make up some excuse. The mayor noted that it was easier to agree to the new budget than to attempt to veto it.

  17. Copy Change By the way he dressed and by his attempts at humor, it was clear that he wanted to make a good impression. By __________ and by ____________, it was clear that he wanted to ________________.

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