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Digital IC Family

Digital IC Family. Digital IC. Introduction. Digital ICs are more reliable by reducing the number of external interconnections from one device to another. Before ICs, every circuit connection was from one discrete component to another. Cont.,.

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Digital IC Family

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  1. Digital IC Family

  2. Digital IC

  3. Introduction • Digital ICs are more reliable by reducing the number of external interconnections from one device to another. • Before ICs, every circuit connection was from one discrete component to another.

  4. Cont., • A logic family refers to digital integrated circuit devices which are constructed with a combination of electronic gates.  •  A family has its own power supply voltage and distinct logic levels.

  5. Cont., • Each family has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. • Also within each family, there is a range of voltages which may be high level or low level.

  6. Cont., • The various logic families can be placed into two brand categories according to the IC fabrication process. • Bipolar • Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS)

  7. Bipolar Logic family

  8. Metal-oxide semiconductor Logic family

  9. Bipolar Logic families • The important elements of a bipolar IC are resistors, transistors and diodes. • Based on the two main operations of bipolar ICs, i.e., • Saturated • Non-saturated.

  10. Saturated bipolar Logic families • Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) • Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL) • Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL) • High Threshold Logic (HTL) • Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL) • Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

  11. Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL)

  12. Direct-Coupled Transistor Logic (DCTL)

  13. Diode-Transistor Logic (DTL)

  14. High Threshold Logic (HTL)

  15. Transistor-Transistor Logic (TTL)

  16. Integrated-Injection Logic (IIL)

  17. Non saturated Logic families • Schottky TTL • Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

  18. Emitter-coupled Logic (ECL)

  19. Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) The MOS families include • PMOS p-channel MOSFETs • NMOS n-channel MOSFETs • CMOS Complementary MOSFETs

  20. PMOS p-channel MOSFETs

  21. NMOS n-channel MOSFETs

  22. CMOS Complementary MOSFETs

  23. Characteristics of Digital ICs • Speed of operation • Power dissipation • Fan-in • Fan-out

  24. Cont., • Noise immunity • Operating temperature • Power supply requirements

  25. Speed of operation • The speed of operation of an IC is expressed in terms of propagation delay. • Propagation delay is defined as the time taken for the output of a gate to change after the inputs have changed

  26. Cont., • The time difference between the application of input and appearance of output is also called as propagation delay.

  27. Power dissipation • Power dissipation is the nature of the power consumed by a logic gate when fully driven by all its inputs. • It is expressed in mill watts or nano watts

  28. Fan in • The fan-in of a gate is the number of inputs connected to the gate without degradation in the voltage levels.

  29. Fan out • Fan out is the maximum number of similar logic gates that a gate can drive without any degradation in voltage levels.

  30. Noise immunity • The noise immunity of a logic circuit refers to the circuit ability to tolerate noise without causing spurious changes in the output voltage. • A quantitative measure of the noise immunity is called noise margin.

  31. Operating Temperature • ALL IC gates are semiconductor devices that are temperature-sensitive by nature. • The operating temperature ranges for and IC vary from 00 C to +700 C for consumer and industrial applications and from -550 C to + 1250 C for military applications

  32. Power supply requirements • The amount of power and supply voltage required by an IC are the main parameters to be taken into consideration while choosing a proper power supply

  33. The End ……Thank you…… M.S.P.V.L. Polytechnic College, Pavoorchatram.

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