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Muscles, Flight, and Temperature Regulation in Insects

Muscles, Flight, and Temperature Regulation in Insects. John Cornell. Oxygen Consumption in some Animals. (Prosser, 1973). Homo sapiens. http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_musclenerve_path/student_musclenerve/normal2.html. Neurogenic (Synchronous) Muscles. Pringle (1957).

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Muscles, Flight, and Temperature Regulation in Insects

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  1. Muscles, Flight, and Temperature Regulation in Insects John Cornell

  2. Oxygen Consumption in some Animals (Prosser, 1973)

  3. Homo sapiens http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/ids_104_musclenerve_path/student_musclenerve/normal2.html

  4. Neurogenic (Synchronous) Muscles

  5. Pringle (1957)

  6. Okanagana vanduzeei an endothermic cicada

  7. Josephson & Young (1985)

  8. Pringle (1957)

  9. Okanaganavanduzeei Josephson & Young (1985)

  10. Tymbal muscle of Okanagana vanduzeei Josephson & Young (1985)

  11. Josephson & Young (1985)

  12. Josephson, Young (1987)

  13. Josephson, Young (1987)

  14. Myogenic (Asynchronous) Muscles

  15. Pringle (1957)

  16. (Josephson, Malamud, Stokes (2000)

  17. Josephson, Malamud, Stokes (2000)

  18. Josephson, Malamud, Stokes (2000)

  19. Flight Douglas (1981)

  20. Indirect wing muscles Insect wing movements from Wikipedia Pringle (1957)

  21. Chapman (1971)

  22. Vibrating halteres act like gyroscopes in dipterans Chapman (1971)

  23. Dragonfly direct wing muscles Chapman (1971)

  24. Wing beat frequencies in asynchronous flyers are determined in part by the resonant frequency of the wings. Forcipomyia sp.normal wing beat frequency 1046 Hz Forcipomyia sp. with clipped wings 2200 Hz Sotavalta (1953)

  25. Pringle (1957)

  26. Temperature Regulation

  27. Heinrich (1974)

  28. Bombus vosnesenkii

  29. Bombus vosnesenskii Kammer & Heinrich (1974)

  30. Bombus vosnesenskii (Heinrich & Kammer (1973)

  31. Bombus vosnesenskii Heinrich & Kammer (1973)

  32. Heinrich (1974)

  33. Heinrich (1996)

  34. Kammer & Heinrich (1974) .

  35. Neoconocephalus triops http://www.texasento.net/triops.htm

  36. Neoconocephalus robustus Heath & Josephson (1970)

  37. Manduca sexta

  38. Manduca sexta Kammer (1980)

  39. What can you do with heat?

  40. Heinrich (1974)

  41. Heinrich (1996)

  42. Heinrich (1996)

  43. Literature Cited Chapman, R.F. (1971) The insects: structure and function. American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., New York. Douglas, M.M. (1981) Thermoregulatory significance of thoracic lobes in the evolution of insect wings. Science 211, 84-86. Heath J. E. & Josephson, R/K. (1970) Body temperature and singing in the katydid, Neoconocephalusrobustus (Orthoptera, Tettigonidae). Biol. Bull, 272-285. Heinrich, B. (1974) Thermoregulation in endothermic insects. Science 185, 747-756. Heinrich, B. (1996) The thermal warriors: strategies of insect survival. Harvard University Press, Cambridge Mass Heinrich, b. & Kammer, A.E. (1973) Activation of the fibrillar muscles in the bumblebee during warm-up, stabilization of thoracic temperature and flight. J. exp. Biol., 58, 677-688. Kammer, A.E. (1981) Physiological mechanisms of thermoregulation in Insect thermoregulation, Bernd Heinrich, Editor. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Kammer, A. E. & Heinrich, B. (1974) Metabolic rates related to the muscle activity in bumblebees. J. exp. Biol., 61, 219-227. Josephson, R.K. (1987) Fiber Ultrastructure and contraction kinetics in insect fast muscles. (1987) Amer. Zool. 27, 991-1000. Josephson, R.K., Malmud, J.G. & Stokes, D.R. (2000) Asynchronous muscle: a primer. J. exp. Biol. 203, 2713-2722. Josephson, R.K. & Young, D. (1985) J. exp. Biol., 118, 185-208. Pringle, J.W.S. (1957) Insect flight. Cambridge University Press Prosser, C.L. (1973) Chapter 5, Oxygen: Respiration and metabolism. in Comparative Animal Physiology, third edition. C.L Prosser, Editor. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia Sotavalta, O. (1953) Recordings of high wing-stroke and thoracic vibration frequency in some midges. Biol. Bull. 104, 439-444.

  44. The End

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