1 / 0

Absolutism

Absolutism. Absolutism. Absolutism : -Middle Ages/renaissance-Struggle for more power -Monarchs (Kings/Queens) wanted to have absolute (all) power. . Absolutism. Divine Right : “God Given” -Monarchs would claim to be God’s representative on earth

nuala
Download Presentation

Absolutism

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Absolutism
  2. Absolutism Absolutism: -Middle Ages/renaissance-Struggle for more power -Monarchs (Kings/Queens) wanted to have absolute (all) power.
  3. Absolutism Divine Right: “God Given” -Monarchs would claim to be God’s representative on earth - Kings were anointed with holy water at their coronations. -Those that rebelled against the Monarch would be considered defying and rebelling against God’s will
  4. Absolutism Bourbons of France How do they come to power? French Civil war Huguenots VS. Catholics (Calvinists)
  5. Absolutism History.wisc.edu
  6. Absolutism Marlowe-society.org Henry of Navarre (1589-1610) “Good King Henry” -Henry IV of France -First Bourbon king -Instituted the Edict of Nantes in 1598 -Religious toleration of the Huguenots
  7. Absolutism Louis XIII (1610-1643) -Son of Henry IV “Fils de France Dauphin of France” -Maria de Medici his mother (Catholic) serves as his regent -He is only 9 years-old when he becomes king after Father is killed
  8. Absolutism Galleryhistoricalfigures.com Cardinal Richelieu “Armand Jean du Plessis“ - cardinal-duc de Richelieu et de Fronsac“ -Chief Minister for Louis XIII in 1624. (Louis became early example of Absolute Monarch) -He is influential during this time because he controls the bureaucrats.
  9. Absolutism Policies of Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu) Sale of Office Anyone who worked for the king the position or office had to be purchased. Paulette—a fee paid to keep the office holder’s position. It would remain in his family when he died. Nobles Reduced their influence, gave them positions as diplomats, soldiers and officials Huguenots Ended their political independence and advances/loss of privileges
  10. Absolutism Policies of Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu) Intendants: (Sub delegates) -Royal representatives governing each district in France -Controlled almost every aspect of life inside of their respected district. Purpose: -Recruited people for the army -Supervised tax collections, regulated Businesses -Enforced the kings decrees (Watch for rebellion) -Disliked by peasants and threatened the power of the nobles
  11. Absolutism Policies of Louis XIII (Cardinal Richelieu) -Increased French Influence in the 30 years war. Aided Protestant Princes…to keep Holy Roman Emperor (Catholic) from becoming a major threat to the French. -Promoted Textile industry and shipbuilding. Established Private Trading companies between France-colonies
  12. Absolutism Who is this person? What do you think is going on in this painting? What is the message of this painting? Why do you think it was painted? Architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com
  13. Absolutism Louis XIV (1643-1715) “Grand Monarch” (Grand Monarque) He was known as the Sun King. He represented this by having coins show the rays of sun falling onto Louis and then to his subjects. This symbolized warmth and life given by the monarch. Also was considered to be the “Center of the French Universe”, with his Glitter of lifestyle. 5 Year old King; Mother was Anne of Austria (Ruled France until Louis was of age). Architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com
  14. Absolutism -France became the greatest Power in Europe during his reign -Imitated by many “Imitation is considered the greatest form of flattery”
  15. Absolutism Versailles Palace A-gc.com
  16. Absolutism Versailles Palace
  17. Absolutism Versailles Palace -Hunting Lodge of Louis XIII. -Louis XIV’s court by 1680s. -Versailles Palace was also XIV’s home. -Located about 10 miles outside of Paris. -It was the largest building of its day.
  18. Absolutism Louis XIV’s Absolutist Government -The use of armed force -More stricter intendents -Formulation and execution of laws -Collection and expenditure of revenue, taxation -Kept control of important nobles by requiring constant prescience at the court in Versailles (Lavish entertainment brought in to keep everyone amused) Most loyal were given honors and high office jobs.
  19. Absolutism Jean Baptist Colbert: Financial Advisor. Utilized the policy of… -Mercantilism: (colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country.) A nation’s wealth was measured in its gold and silver, more exports than imports. -Mercantilism affected the colonies such as New France (Canada) started by Henry IV
  20. Absolutism Domestic Policy: Revoked the Edict of Nantes from 1685 -why?- To promote unity however, it had economic consequences. (Heavy Huguenot persecution) Result: 1 million Huguenots either leave the country or convert to Catholicism.
  21. Absolutism Hapsburgs of Germany and Spain Charles V Ferdinand+Isabella Holy Roman Joanna Emperor 1519 Archduke Philip of Austria King of Spain (1516-1556) grandparents daughter Son +
  22. Absolutism Hapsburgs of Germany and Spain
  23. Absolutism Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1516-1556 Spain 1519-1558 HRE) -Declared Martin Luther an Outlaw (Diet of Worms) -Supporter and a force behind Counter Reformation -Fought wars with France over territory in Italy -Illness and weariness forced him to vacate the Crowns. Artrenewal.org
  24. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) Charles V’s son -Married Queen Mary I (England) Henry VIII’s daughter -Supports Catholics in France against Henry IV -Defeats Muslim (Ottoman navy) invasion at Lepanto in 1571 -Defeated by the English in 1588 invasion of England… Historicalportraits.com
  25. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain And the Spanish Invincible Armada, La Armada Grande -Originally friends with Elizabeth I (England) (Sister of Mary I) -He facilitated her accession and supported her against the claims of Mary Stuart (Queen of the Scots) -He intervened powerfully in her favor (Elizabeth) to prevent French aid from being sent to Scotland. -With the upswing of Protestantism relations between England and Spain begin to turn bad Historicalportraits.com
  26. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain And the Spanish Invincible Armada, La Armada Grande So, What Went Wrong? —Spanish ships were robbed with impunity in the English channel —The Protestant groups in the Netherlands started to rebel in 1566 which were supported by England. Spain supported Catholics in Netherlands. —In 1568, a Spanish ship docked in Plymouth and filled with pay for the Spanish army in Flanders was seized by the English.
  27. Absolutism King Philip II of Spain VS. Queen Elizabeth I – In the Spring of 1587, Francis Drake cruised off the coast of Spain and contrary to Elizabeth’s wishes attacked Spanish shipping, burnt the half-finished and unmanned ships at Cadiz and did enormous damage to the Spanish navy. —The Armada left Lisbon on May 20, 1588. It consisted of 130 ships and 30, 493 men but half of the ships were transports and two-thirds of the men were soldiers. It went to the harbor of Carunna for retrofitting. —The Armada sailed out for Flanders on July 12. —One ship was reported captured three sank and four or five ran ashore
  28. Absolutism Peter Alexowitz (the Great) (Czar 1682-1725) -Curious about other lands at a young age -Would travel in disguise to Western Europe to learn about the advancements made and return with them to Russia. -Would impose new ways that went against tradition
  29. Absolutism
  30. The English Civil War (1642-1646, 1648-1649, 1649-1651) Absolutism
  31. English Civil War August 1642-September 1649 Parliamentarians Vs. Royalists “Roundheads” “Cavaliers” Over 80,000 killed
  32. English Civil War Tudorhistory.org English Civil War Previous Conditions Edward VI—Henry’s 10 year old son inherited the throne. Advisors were Protestants. Thomas Cranmer was using the Book of Common Prayer. Protestant service while keeping Catholic Doctrine. http://tudorhistory.org/edward/
  33. English Civil War Previous Conditions Mary Tudor wants to return England to Catholic faith. She is the younger sister of Henry VIII http://tudorhistory.org/mary/
  34. English Civil War Previous Conditions Queen Elizabeth (1533-1603) (r. 1558-1603) She was the last of the Tudors. She wasn’t married. Her Minister Robert Cecil enabled the King of Scotland, James Stuart to succeed her. http://tudorhistory.org/elizabeth/ Englishhistory.net
  35. English Civil War Previous Conditions Mary Queen of Scots A Catholic, hoped she would inherit the throne. Elizabeth had Mary executed in 1587. She was the great grand niece of Henry VIII. http://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/maryqosbiography.html Englishhistory.net
  36. English Civil War Causes The Gentry --Newest group in society looking for respectability. --Maintained agricultural holdings and crown offices. --Three-quarters of the House of Commons were gentry, well educated and could approve all taxation.
  37. English Civil War Causes con’t The Debt The war with Spain in 1588 It created an economic depression John Stuart, King of Scotland and England left with a 400,000 debt.
  38. English Civil War Causes con’t The Puritans Puritans were English Calvinists. They believed the Protestant Anglican church was too close to Roman Catholicism. By 1639, the Calvinist Scots took up arms rather than accept the Anglican prayer book.
  39. English Civil War Causes con’t King James I (r. 1603-1625) James VI; King of Scotland. He was not well liked by the people of England. He was a foreigner, Scottish and an absolutist. Short on Money; financial restraints
  40. English Civil War History.wisc.edu The Parliament showed their dislike of James I in a number of ways: 1. Forced his ministers to resign 2. blocked the union of England and Scotland 3. Only Anglicans allowed to hold public office
  41. English Civil War Quick Review: -Queen Elizabeth I dies 1603: End of Tudor Family Reign -No children; a cousin was appointed the Crown of England -Cousin was James VI of Scotland (James I of England) -Hated man (Scottish, constant conflict and tension between Parliament and himself (Little respect for Parliament)
  42. English Civil War Charles I (r. 1625-1649) 2nd Son of James I -Continued to have tensions with Parliament -Seeked out goals his father accomplished -continued on with absolutist, divine right of rule for England
  43. English Civil War During the Parliament of 1628-1629, He agrees to Petition of Right which grants more rights to the People: End to imprisonment w/o cause End to martial law in peacetime End to billeting of troops among civilians Taxation w/o consent of Parliament (James VI would constantly do this, Petition would limit his son from doing it ever again. http://www.hrp.org.uk/HamptonCourtPalace/escape Sites.psu.edu
  44. English Civil War English Civil War Causes of the English Civil War http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3h_RyFEV0M
  45. English Civil War -Charles I agrees to the Petition of Right but breaks his word on all the issues. -He orders Parliament dissolved until 1640due to breaking word on Petition of Rights as well as the discovery of the Star Chamber: A secret court were Charles would arrested and have people tried without Parliament’s knowledge. -11 years Charles ruled without any type of check and balance. Absolute rule. -Would often reactivate old taxation laws and fines/fees to keep money flow into England (shipping taxes, Knighthood fees)
  46. English Civil War By 1639, the Calvinist Scots took up arms rather than accept the Anglican prayer book. By 1640, the Scots occupy most of northern England. Charles I then approaches Parliament to raise money to fight the Scots. Charles I starts the Long Parliament which lasts for 13 years.
  47. English Civil War English Civil War starts in 1642
  48. Oliver Cromwell and his new Model Army defeat the Royalists in 1646.
  49. English Civil War Second English Civil War 1648-1649 -Two years after the defeat in the First Civil War, Charles I took up arms and attempted to use force to retake what was his -Political agreement could not be reached -Despite being captive, secret agreements between Charles and the Scots lead to the Scots invading England again. Turned away shortly after
  50. English Civil War What happens to Charles I? -Parliament begins decision to end the reign of Charles I He was put on Trial for Treason in 1649 He was later found guilty, and convicted
  51. English Civil War What happens to Charles I? Punishment? Executed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmSR--BktE
  52. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell -Ruled England from 1649 to 1660 (Interregnum) -1649-1651 Continued to regain English control over Ireland, and Scotland -England is a republic at this time (Commonwealth) -Becomes a dictator in 1654: “Lord protector of England”
  53. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell -Dissolved Parliament twice due to lack of reforms. -Ends the Long Parliament in 1653 (started by Charles I) offers him the crown in 1656 but refused -1657 England’s first constitution “Instrument of England” is written, only to be scrapped -
  54. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell -Killed many Irish over the belief that many English settlers were killed in Ireland in 1641, **Still a horror filled memory to this day** -Allowed all types of religion to practice except Catholicism -Banned all type of criticism via publication -Shut down all types of entertainment/amusement
  55. English Civil War Oliver Cromwell -Clamped down on (limited) the celebration of Christmas and other Saint and Holy days during his reign -Dies of a Malarial-type of disease -His son alienated both the army and Parliament in effort to succeed his father
  56. English Civil War Richard Cromwell -Third (eldest) surviving Son of Oliver -Served nine month reign (1658-1659) -Controversy as to whether or not Oliver named him successor, or his Son in Law Charles Fleetwood
  57. English Civil War Richard Cromwell -Left with £2 million Debt -questioned as capable leader due to lack of military experience -No strength/unity between the Army, Parliament, and Cromwell -Could not control either side -Parliament forces Cromwell to resign, appoints new Council to govern England
  58. English Civil War Restoration -Since 1658 (Cromwell’s death) Parliament once again had the most power-But English people still wanted a king to rule. Charles II (r. 1660-1685) Charles I son Protestant He forms a limited monarchy,(the king and Parliament share power)
  59. English Civil War Restoration -Most of Cromwell’s actions are reversed (Amusement/entertainment) -Things were less severe in comparison to Cromwell’s reign Habeas Corpus Act passed by Parliament (A person who was arrested could obtain an order demanding to be taken in front of a judge within a certain amount of time. Judge would decide whether person is tried for crime or released)
  60. English Civil War -After his death James II (1633-1701), Charles I second son and younger brother of Charles II -Rules from 1685-1688. He is Catholic and his second wife has a son who is also Catholic. -Parliament dislikes him but nevertheless supports him.
  61. English Civil War -Despite the Catholic faith, his daughters married protestant princes, parliament accepts and believes the crown will continue to be upheld by Protestant faith HOWEVERRR…….. -A catholic son was born in 1688-trumping the line of age to be the heir successor to the throne
  62. English Civil War Restoration Why is this an issue and how is it resolved? Glorious Revolution 1688 No Fighting or Bloodshed needed How so? -Parliament invites older Protestant Daughter Mary and husband to rule England
  63. English Civil War Restoration William and Mary William of Orange from the Netherlands and Mary, James’s Protestant daughter accept the offer to take up the crown and rule England. William, with army, march on London. James II flees to France. William III and Mary II officially begin rule in 1689
  64. English Civil War Restoration William and Mary William of Orange from the Netherlands and Mary, James’s Protestant daughter accept the offer to take up the crown and rule England. William, with army, march on London. James II flees to France. William III and Mary II officially begin rule in 1689
  65. English Civil War Restoration William and Mary Glorious Revolution ends Absolute Monarchy in England
More Related