Natural selection and evolution

1. Natural selection and evolution

2. 1. A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized remains of two primates. Both animals had a prehensile tail. What can be concluded from this evidence? A They were not related. B They lived on the ground. C They evolved from a common ancestor. D They had bipedal locomotion.

3. 1. A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized remains of two primates. Both animals had a prehensile tail. What can be concluded from this evidence? A They were not related. B They lived on the ground. C They evolved from a common ancestor. D They had bipedal locomotion.

4. 2. Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain? A Resources become limited over long periods of time. B Populations often increase rapidly and without warning. C Competition is fierce among members of different species. D Some organisms survive and reproduce better than others.

5. 2. Variation within species was important to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Which statement does individual variation help explain? A Resources become limited over long periods of time. B Populations often increase rapidly and without warning. C Competition is fierce among members of different species. D Some organisms survive and reproduce better than others.

6. 3. Variety within a species is most likely to result from which situation? A severe weather conditions that might occur, such as hurricanes or blizzards B adaptation to local environmental characteristics by isolated populations of the species C the extinction of competing species over a broad range of habitats D sex-specific coloring differences

7. 3. Variety within a species is most likely to result from which situation? A severe weather conditions that might occur, such as hurricanes or blizzards B adaptation to local environmental characteristics by isolated populations of the species C the extinction of competing species over a broad range of habitats D sex-specific coloring differences

8. 4. Which could be considered biochemical evidence of an evolutionary relationship? A absence of vestigial structures B presence of embryonic gill slits C similar anatomical structures D presence of identical proteins

9. 4. Which could be considered biochemical evidence of an evolutionary relationship? A absence of vestigial structures B presence of embryonic gill slits C similar anatomical structures D presence of identical proteins

10. 5. Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship between two organisms? A similarity in behavior B similarity in DNA C similarity in habitat D similarity in niche

11. 5. Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary relationship between two organisms? A similarity in behavior B similarity in DNA C similarity in habitat D similarity in niche

12. 6. Birds, butterflies, bats, and insects all have wings. What accounts for the fact that these different animals have all developed wings? a. The animals’ ancestors figured out a way to get food more easily. b. Each animal’s wings were a successful adaptation to the animal’s environment. c. These animals evolved from the same winged ancestor. d. These animals are becoming the same species.

13. 6. Birds, butterflies, bats, and insects all have wings. What accounts for the fact that these different animals have all developed wings? a. The animals’ ancestors figured out a way to get food more easily. b. Each animal’s wings were a successful adaptation to the animal’s environment. c. These animals evolved from the same winged ancestor. d. These animals are becoming the same species.

14. 7. The predictable physical changes that occur during the lifetime of an animal are due to which of the following? a. Different sets of genes are active at various stages of life. b. Natural selection of new traits occurs during an animal’s life c. Each gene can produce multiple traits in an animal. d. New genes evolve in an animal over its lifetime.

15. 7. The predictable physical changes that occur during the lifetime of an animal are due to which of the following? a. Different sets of genes are active at various stages of life. b. Natural selection of new traits occurs during an animal’s life c. Each gene can produce multiple traits in an animal. d. New genes evolve in an animal over its lifetime.

16. 8. While visiting Madagascar, Charles Darwin discovered an orchid with petals so long that only a creature with a 25 cm tongue could reach the nectar inside. He predicted the existence of a species of moth with such a tongue. The moth was discovered several decades later. • Which of the following describes the relationship between the orchid and the moth? • a. autotrophism c. coevolution • b. convergent evolution d. parasitism

17. 8. While visiting Madagascar, Charles Darwin discovered an orchid with petals so long that only a creature with a 25 cm tongue could reach the nectar inside. He predicted the existence of a species of moth with such a tongue. The moth was discovered several decades later. • Which of the following describes the relationship between the orchid and the moth? • a. autotrophism c. coevolution • b. convergent evolution d. parasitism

18. 9. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Hessian fly repeatedly wiped out wheat crops in the US. Eventually, scientists developed a strain of wheat that made a toxin that repelled the Hessian fly. What most likely happened to the Hessian fly population after farmers began growing the new strain of wheat? a. The Hessian fly population went extinct. b. A new species evolved out of the Hessian fly population. c. A trait for toxin resistance spread through the Hessian fly population. d. The Hessian fly population fell swiftly and stayed low.

19. 9. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Hessian fly repeatedly wiped out wheat crops in the US. Eventually, scientists developed a strain of wheat that made a toxin that repelled the Hessian fly. What most likely happened to the Hessian fly population after farmers began growing the new strain of wheat? a. The Hessian fly population went extinct. b. A new species evolved out of the Hessian fly population. c. A trait for toxin resistance spread through the Hessian fly population. d. The Hessian fly population fell swiftly and stayed low.

20. 10. Why can a population evolve but an individual cannot? a. An individual has only one gene pool. b. An individual’s genotype changes during its lifetime. c. An individual’s genotype is fixed at the time of fertilization d. An individual cannot pass changes in its genes to offspring.

21. 10. Why can a population evolve but an individual cannot? a. An individual has only one gene pool. b. An individual’s genotype changes during its lifetime. c. An individual’s genotype is fixed at the time of fertilization d. An individual cannot pass changes in its genes to offspring.

22. 11. Which of the following allows a species of bacteria to increase its resistance to antibiotics? a. Binary fission b. independent assortment c. Gel electrophoresis d. genetic variation

23. 11. Which of the following allows a species of bacteria to increase its resistance to antibiotics? a. Binary fission b. independent assortment c. Gel electrophoresis d. genetic variation

24. 12. Genetic recombination is one source of variation in organisms. What is another source of genetic variation? • a. Adaptation • b. Isolation • c. colonization • d. mutation

25. 12. Genetic recombination is one source of variation in organisms. What is another source of genetic variation? • a. Adaptation • b. Isolation • c. colonization • d. mutation

26. 13. Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that _____. • a. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to it • b. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant to it • c. it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longer • d. the pests developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide

27. 13. Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that _____. • a. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to it • b. eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant to it • c. it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longer • d. the pests developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide

28. 14. Natural selection can best be defined as the _____. • a. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population • b. elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms • c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area • d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

29. 14. Natural selection can best be defined as the _____. • a. survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population • b. elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms • c. survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest area • d. survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment

30. 15. The founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be _____. • a. Charles Darwin • b. Stephen Jay Gould • c. Alexander Oparin • d. Lynn Margulis

31. 15. The founder of modern evolution theory is considered to be _____. • a. Charles Darwin • b. Stephen Jay Gould • c. Alexander Oparin • d. Lynn Margulis

32. 16. What type of adaptation is shown? a.mimicry • b.artificial selection • c.camouflage • d.homologous structure

33. 16. What type of adaptation is shown? a. mimicry • b. artificial selection • c. camouflage • d. homologous structure

34. 17. Which of the following indicates a biochemical similarity that gives evidence of evolution? • A. The bone structure in the forelimbs of mammals is the same. • B. The behavior of all primates is similar. • C All organisms use the same DNA base pairs. • D. The ability to camouflage is found in most insects.

35. 17. Which of the following indicates a biochemical similarity that gives evidence of evolution? • A. The bone structure in the forelimbs of mammals is the same. • B. The behavior of all primates is similar. • C All organisms use the same DNA base pairs. • D. The ability to camouflage is found in most insects.

36. 18. The monarch butterfly is a poisonous species that makes predatory birds sick. The viceroybutterfly, a non-poisonous species, has evolved to look like the monarch. This adaptation is an example of _____________. • A. natural selection • B. mimicry • C. homology • D. camoulfage

37. 18. The monarch butterfly is a poisonous species that makes predatory birds sick. The viceroybutterfly, a non-poisonous species, has evolved to look like the monarch. This adaptation is an example of _____________. • A. natural selection • B. mimicry • C. homology • D. camoulfage

38. 19. The red fox and kit fox had a common ancestor. The red fox lives in farmlands, where its red color helps it blend in with trees. The kit fox lives on the desert, where its sandy colors helps it blend in. Both of these foxes are exhibiting ____________. a. mimicry b. analogy c. camouflage d. vestigial

39. 19. The red fox and kit fox had a common ancestor. The red fox lives in farmlands, where its red color helps it blend in with trees. The kit fox lives on the desert, where its sandy colors helps it blend in. Both of these foxes are exhibiting ____________. a. mimicry b. analogy c. camouflage d. vestigial