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Genetics vs. Environment

Genetics vs. Environment. Their Role in Intelligence. Nature vs. Nurture in IQ. “Is a person’s intelligence due more to genes or to environment?” Both genes & intelligence crucial for any trait Environmental factors determines which genes get switched on.

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Genetics vs. Environment

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  1. Genetics vs. Environment Their Role in Intelligence

  2. Nature vs. Nurture in IQ • “Is a person’s intelligence due more to genes or to environment?” • Both genes & intelligence crucial for any trait • Environmental factors determines which genes get switched on. • Example of nutrition effecting you reaching your genetic potential in height.

  3. Heredity and Environment • Heritability • The variation among individuals caused by genetic factors • Estimates for Intelligence are between 50-80% • Environment • Degree to which variation is due to environmental rather than genetic differences • Environmental Factors can be early intervention, schooling and family life

  4. Twin Studies & Family InfluenceThomas Bouchard & the Minnesota Twins studies • If trait genetic: • closely related more similar than less closely related • Many close relatives share environments too • Types of studies to separate effects • monozygotic twins reared together • monozygotic twins reared apart • siblings/dizygotic reared together • siblings/dizygotic reared apart • adoptive siblings reared together

  5. Twin Studies

  6. Data Analysis • The data show that both genetics and environment have an effect on IQ scores. • The more closely two individuals are related genetically, the more similar their IQ scores: • Identical twins reared together are more alike than are fraternal twins reared together. • Also show the importance of environmental influences: • Identical twins reared together are more alike than are identical twins reared apart • siblings who are reared together are more alike than are siblings reared in different homes.

  7. Both genetics and environment have an effect on IQ scores

  8. Adoption Studies Children's verbal ability scores became modestly more like their biological parents' scores. (Adapted from Plomin & DeFries, 1998.)

  9. Environmental Influences • Children growing up in extreme neglect and impoverished environments have lower IQ • When interventions take place like tutored human enrichment in Iranian orphanages, children verbal and intellectual skills improved. • Programs like Head Start helped disadvantaged children early in their educational careers get caught up to others • No evidence though shows you can make your child into a genius by exposing them to special programs at a early age. • Belief that intelligence can grow (growth mindset) can help people have more motivation to succeed academically. • Those who see intelligence as biological (fixed mindset) may feel there is nothing they can do to improve and lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

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