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Chemolithotrophic proteobacteria S and Iron oxidizing

Chemolithotrophic proteobacteria S and Iron oxidizing. (SCIENCE 284: 16 April 1999) Thiomargarita namibiensis Beggiatoa (Winogradsky column) Thiothrix/Thioplaca Thiobacillus endosymbionts of deep-sea vent invertebrates. Nitrifiers. Nitrosonomas and Nitrobacter

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Chemolithotrophic proteobacteria S and Iron oxidizing

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  1. Chemolithotrophic proteobacteriaS and Iron oxidizing • (SCIENCE 284: 16 April 1999) Thiomargarita namibiensis • Beggiatoa (Winogradsky column) • Thiothrix/Thioplaca • Thiobacillus • endosymbionts of deep-sea vent invertebrates

  2. Nitrifiers • Nitrosonomas and Nitrobacter • Winogradsky

  3. Hydrogen oxidizers • Alcaligenes ”Knallgas reaction“ • 2 H2 + O2 ---- 2 H2O

  4. Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs • Not all methylotrophs are methanotrophs • Use methanol, methylamine, formate and (methane) • Type 1 (ribulose monophosphate pathway) and II (serine pathway), membranes differ too • Type 1 membranes are throughout cell • Type II on periphery of cell • Endosymbionts in deep-sea vent mussels

  5. Photosynthetic proteobacteria • Purple phototrophic proteobacteria (bacteriochlorophylls and photophosphorylation) • Purple sulfur, eg. Chromatium • Below is Chromatium tempedium from Yellowstone, that grows above 50C. Notice the phase-bright sulfur granules

  6. Purple non-sulfur (photoheterotrophs) • (other groups in the Bacteria that photosynthesize?, green sulfur, green filamentous, cyanobacteria)

  7. Spirilla: • Spirillum _some magnetotactic e.g. Magnetospirillum • Bdellovibrio, attack gram – bacteria, see developmental cycle

  8. Sulfate/sulfur reducers • Desulfurovibrio, Desulfuromonoas, anoxic habitats, compete with methanogens • use, H2, lactate as e'donors and sulfate or sulfur as e'acceptor. What is the product?

  9. Budding and stalked • Hyphomicrobium (methylotroph), budding • Caulobacter, stalked, see cycle

  10. Sheathed Proteobacteria: • e.g Leptothrix • Mn 2+ + 0.5 O2 + H2O --- Mn O2 + 2H+ delta G –68kJ

  11. Fermentative rods and vibrios 1.Enterics (gamma) • Gram -, nonsporulating, facultative aerobes, fermentative, opportunistic pathogens • 2 types: mixed acid fermenters (produce acid) E. coli OR 2,3-butanediol fermenters (produce neutral products) Enterobacter aerogenes/Erwinia Escherichia Salmonella typhi- typhoid fever Serratia marcescens (Bright red pigment- prodigiosin) Xenorhabdus (bioluminescence) Klebsiella pneumoniae (not normally pathogenic)

  12. Vibrio, Photobacterium • V. cholerae • Photobacterium • O2 required for luciferase activity • Quorum sensing • FMNH2 + O2 +RCHO ---- FMN +RCOOH + H2O + hv • Need flavin mononucleotide, aliphatic aldehyde, O2, and enzyme. E- donor is NADH

  13. Oxidative rods and cocci • Pseudomonads (human pathogens, biodegraders, plant pathogens) • Azotobacter and free-living N-fixers • Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium: symbiotic N-fixers • Agrobacterium, crown gall • Acetobacter and Gluconobacter • Legionella, • Neisseria • Rickettsia obligate parasite, Rocky mountain spotted fever

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