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FRANCE National Identity & Immigration

FRANCE National Identity & Immigration. Definitions. Immigration not just sensitive political issue opportunity to examine social ties, national integration and citizenship Foreigner? Immigrant?. France: country of immigration.

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FRANCE National Identity & Immigration

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  1. FRANCE National Identity & Immigration

  2. Definitions • Immigration not just sensitive political issue • opportunity to examine social ties, national integration and citizenship • Foreigner? Immigrant?

  3. France: country of immigration • From early history, waves of settlers: Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Vikings, • FRANCE country of political asylum: movement of populations following European wars… • Economic need for workers after WWII who escape misery in Italy and Poland, Russia...

  4. National origins of Immigrants • Europe(socio-economic and political refugees from Italy, Spain, Russia, Greece political, Eastern European countries Poland, Roumania, former Yougoslavia) • Former colonies: North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa and former Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia…) • Chile • Asia

  5. Immigrants • Usually ADULT MALE single workers • family reunion: arrival of families and issues of integration

  6. Integration: political framework • -German or “ethnic” model: nationality linked to descent (right of blood line) • French or “political” model: derived from republican principles. Aim is to assimilate/integrate Nationality=citizenship=right of soil • British/US model: recognition of minorities with issues of ghettoisation/ segregation

  7. Policies • Constitutionally (republican principles) France does not discriminate either negatively or positively on account of race/nationality • FAS (social action fund for immigrant workers and families) • --1958

  8. Naturalization=citizenship • Marriage to a French national (for 1 year) • granting of nationality to people who have reached their majority (18 years) and have lived in France for at least five years • acquisition by Right of soil in the case of 18-year-old children of foreigners born in France, and resident there for at least five years between the ages of 11 and 18 (under Article44).

  9. Integration problems The causes • Socio-economic= schooling housing/unemployment(lack of education and qualifications, language issues, few financial resources, social problems..) • Concentration in large urban centers, HLM suburban housing (Paris, Lyon, Lille, Marseilles, Toulouse...) • Also: mutual cultural perceptions.

  10. Xenophobia is often linked to periods of economic depression • Discrimination for jobs • Racism linked to colonial past and Islam (fuelled by customs clashing with secular & gender equality principles of French civilization). =sensitive arguments used for political ends (the National Front/Le Pen)

  11. Prospects for the integration of immigrants in France • Integration paths of European and non-European immigrants • are diverging • Integration of E. U citizens is of a different nature • Fighting exclusion and marginalization of non-E.U citizens

  12. Integration =EU member states matter Treaties: • SCHENGEN AGREEMENTS (1985-1990) • AMSTERDAM TREATY(1997) -measures for regulating entry and residence, short and long term. --illegal immigration and residence ->Big problem today!

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