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Part 1: Stalin: Origins and rise (1924-29)

Part 1: Stalin: Origins and rise (1924-29). I. Origins of Stalin. Stalin Before the Revolution Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili Influences: Messame Dassy, Marxism Early Revolutionary Activity: RSDLP Stalin During the 1917 Revolution Stalin After the Bolshevik Revolution

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Part 1: Stalin: Origins and rise (1924-29)

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  1. Part 1:Stalin: Origins and rise (1924-29)

  2. I. Origins of Stalin • Stalin Before the Revolution • Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili • Influences: Messame Dassy, Marxism • Early Revolutionary Activity: RSDLP • Stalin During the 1917 Revolution • Stalin After the Bolshevik Revolution • Sovnarkom: Commissar of Nationalities • Conflict with Lenin • Stalin as an Organizational Leader: Politburo, Orgburo, Secretariat

  3. II. Context of Stalin’s Rise • Russian Civil War (1918-23) • War Communism • Kronstadt Uprising • Role of the Politburo • Adoption of the NEP (1921) • Scissors Crisis • Resolution on Party Unity • Lenin’s Illness • Lenin’s Testament

  4. Stalin’s Opposition Left Opposition Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Right Opposition Mikhail Tomsky Alexei Rykov Nikolai Bukharin

  5. III. Russia by 1924 • Characteristics of Lenin’s State: • Free Speech/Political Dissent • Restrictions on Religious Freedom • Purges & Show Trials • Abolition of Trade Unions • Concentration Camps • Bureaucratic, One-Party State • Secret Police

  6. IV. Communist Party Structure General Secretary Democratic Centralism Politburo Power Central Committee Congress of Soviets

  7. Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tomsky Alexei Rykov Nikolai Bukharin

  8. V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise • Stage One: Lenin & Stalin • Lenin’s Poor Health • Cult of Lenin • Lenin’s Funeral • Suppression of Lenin’s Testament • The Lenin Enrolment • Leninism/Stalinism • Key Ideas

  9. V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise • Stage Two: Elimination of Trotsky • Trotsky is Stalin’s Chief Rival • Ideological Differences: • Formation of the Triumvir (1923-24) • Trotsky is marginalized

  10. Triumvir Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tomsky Alexei Rykov Nikolai Bukharin

  11. V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise • Stage Three: Defeat of the Left Opposition • Changes to the Politburo: • Stalin supporters: Molotov, Kalinin, and Voroshilov • Controversy Over the NEP • Left Opposition: Kamenev and Zinoviev • Stalin and Bukharin • Stage Four: Defeat of the United Opposition • Formation of the United Opposition (1926) • Reaction by Stalin • Expulsion of Kamenev and Zinoviev • Exile of Trotsky

  12. Team Stalin Triumvir Molotov Voroshilov Kalinin Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Mikhail Tomsky Alexei Rykov Nikolai Bukharin

  13. V. Key Stages in Stalin’s Rise • Stage 5: Defeat of the Right Opposition/Right Deviationists • Formation of the Right Opposition: Bukharin, Rykov, and Tomsky • The War Scare • The Turn Left (1927) • Defeat of the Right Opposition • Stalin as a SPS Leader

  14. Down with the NEP! Team Stalin War Scare! Left Turn! Molotov Voroshilov Kalinin UNITED OPPOSITION FACTIONALISM Grigory Zinoviev Lev Kamenev Leon Trotsky Right Opposition Mikhail Tomsky Alexei Rykov Nikolai Bukharin

  15. VI. Analysis of Stalin’s Rise • Was Stalin’s Rise Legal? • YES! • Was Stalin’s Rise Popular? • YES • NEPMEN & Kulaks VS Russia

  16. VI. Analysis of Stalin’s Rise • What accounts for Stalin’s Rise (Historiography)? • Terminology • Liberal & Intentionalist (Great Man Theory/Strong Leader) • Structuralist & Determinist (Weak Leader)

  17. What accounts for Stalin’s Rise (Historiography)?

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